Direct selection on genetic robustness revealed in the yeast transcriptome.
Direct selection on genetic robustness revealed in the yeast transcriptome.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0000911
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发表时间：
2007-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Promislow DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Proulx SR;Nuzhdin S;Promislow DE
进化论预测，生物体应该进化出在面对环境干扰（环境稳健性）或基因突变（遗传稳健性）时产生高适应度表型的能力。虽然一些研究已经揭示了导致环境和遗传稳健性的机制，但我们尚未了解为什么基因组的某些组成部分比其他组成部分更稳健。根据进化论，环境和遗传的稳健性会对选择力产生不同的反应。对性状的环境稳健性的选择预计会很强，并且与改变该性状的适应成本相关。与环境稳健性相反，对性状遗传稳健性的选择预计在很大程度上独立于改变性状的适应成本，而应与可能被缓冲的性状的现有遗传变异相关。已经描述了提供环境和遗传鲁棒性的几种机制，并且这种相关性可以通过对两种形式的鲁棒性的直接选择（直接选择假说）或通过对环境鲁棒性的选择和遗传鲁棒性的相关响应（一致性假说）来解释。利用有关酿酒酵母基因表达的已发表数据和新数据，我们发现，正如一致性假说所预测的那样，遗传稳健性与整个酵母基因组的环境稳健性相关。然而，我们还表明，环境稳健性（而不是遗传稳健性）与每个基因的适应性效应相关。相反，遗传稳健性与网络位置显着相关，表明遗传稳健性一直处于直接选择之下。我们观察到遗传和环境鲁棒性的测量之间存在显着相关性，与一致性假设一致。然而，这种相关性本身并不能解释遗传鲁棒性与蛋白质相互作用网络中的位置的协方差。因此，我们得出的结论是，对稳健性的直接选择在转录组遗传稳健性的进化中发挥了作用。
Evolutionary theory predicts that organisms should evolve the ability to produce high fitness phenotypes in the face of environmental disturbances (environmental robustness) or genetic mutations (genetic robustness). While several studies have uncovered mechanisms that lead to both environmental and genetic robustness, we have yet to understand why some components of the genome are more robust than others. According to evolutionary theory, environmental and genetic robustness will have different responses to selective forces. Selection on environmental robustness for a trait is expected to be strong and related to the fitness costs of altering that trait. In contrast to environmental robustness, selection on genetic robustness for a trait is expected to be largely independent of the fitness cost of altering the trait and instead should correlate with the standing genetic variation for the trait that can potentially be buffered. Several mechanisms that provide both environmental and genetic robustness have been described, and this correlation could be explained by direct selection on both forms of robustness (direct selection hypothesis), or through selection on environmental robustness and a correlated response in genetic robustness (congruence hypothesis). Using both published and novel data on gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we find that genetic robustness is correlated with environmental robustness across the yeast genome as predicted by the congruence hypothesis. However, we also show that environmental robustness, but not genetic robustness, is related to per-gene fitness effects. In contrast, genetic robustness is significantly correlated with network position, suggesting that genetic robustness has been under direct selection. We observed a significant correlation between our measures of genetic and environmental robustness, in agreement with the congruence hypothesis. However, this correlation alone cannot explain the co-variance of genetic robustness with position in the protein interaction network. We therefore conclude that direct selection on robustness has played a role in the evolution of genetic robustness in the transcriptome.
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