Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods.
Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods.
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/133.5.1302
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发表时间：
2003-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Zeisel;M. Mar;J. Howe;J. Holden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Zeisel;M. Mar;J. Howe;J. Holden
胆碱对于正常膜功能、乙酰胆碱合成和甲基代谢很重要；人类的胆碱需求量为 550 毫克/天（男性）（充足摄入量）。甜菜碱是一种胆碱衍生物，因其在向高半胱氨酸提供甲基以形成蛋氨酸方面的作用而很重要。在组织和食物中，有多种胆碱化合物有助于总胆碱浓度（胆碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、磷酸胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂）。在本研究中，我们收集了具有代表性的食品样本，并使用液相色谱-质谱法分析了 145 种常见食品的胆碱浓度。总胆碱浓度（毫克/100克）最高的食物为：牛肝（418）、鸡肝（290）、鸡蛋（251）、麦芽（152）、培根（125）、干黄豆（116）和猪肉（103）。甜菜碱浓度最高的食物（毫克/100克）是：麦麸（1339）、麦芽（1241）、菠菜（645）、椒盐卷饼（237）、虾（218）和小麦面包（201）。许多流行病学研究已经探讨了膳食叶酸与癌症或心脏病之间的关系。将胆碱摄入量视为混杂因素可能会有所帮助，因为叶酸和甲基胆碱捐赠可以互换。
Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism; the choline requirement for humans is 550 mg/d for men (Adequate Intake). Betaine, a choline derivative, is important because of its role in the donation of methyl groups to homocysteine to form methionine. In tissues and foods, there are multiple choline compounds that contribute to total choline concentration (choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). In this study, we collected representative food samples and analyzed the choline concentration of 145 common foods using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Foods with the highest total choline concentration (mg/100 g) were: beef liver (418), chicken liver (290), eggs (251), wheat germ (152), bacon (125), dried soybeans (116) and pork (103). The foods with the highest betaine concentration (mg/100 g) were: wheat bran (1339), wheat germ (1241), spinach (645), pretzels (237), shrimp (218) and wheat bread (201). A number of epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between dietary folic acid and cancer or heart disease. It may be helpful to also consider choline intake as a confounding factor because folate and choline methyl donation can be interchangeable.