Acute doses of d-amphetamine and bupropion increase cigarette smoking
Acute doses of d-amphetamine and bupropion increase cigarette smoking
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DOI：
10.1007/s002130100802
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
de Wit, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cousins, MS;Stamat, HM;de Wit, H
理由：安非他酮在临床上用作戒烟治疗，但人们对它减少吸烟的过程知之甚少。安非他酮与精神兴奋剂安非他明有一些共同的神经化学作用和行为效应，并且已经表明，急性服用安非他明会增加吸烟量。尚未研究单剂量安非他酮对吸烟的影响，但基于其与安非他明的相似性，我们假设急性安非他酮也会增加吸烟。目的：测量单剂量安非他明和安非他酮对吸烟者吸烟和吸烟渴望的影响。方法：不试图戒烟的吸烟者参加了一项三期研究，其中他们在过夜戒烟后接受安慰剂和单剂量硫酸 d-苯丙胺（10 和 20 毫克；n=10）或盐酸安非他酮（150 和 300 毫克；n=12）。三个结果指标是：i）急性戒断一段时间后安非他明和安非他酮对主观和行为的影响，ii）安非他明和安非他酮对单支吸烟主观反应的影响，以及 iii）药物对随意吸烟期间吸烟数量的影响。结果：急性戒烟后和吸烟前，安非他明和安非他酮均增加了自我报告的情绪和欣快感，但没有改变渴望或戒断的评级。受试者吸完一支烟后，他们报告说安非他酮降低了“嗡嗡声”和“强度”的评分。在随意吸烟期间，安非他明和安非他酮都会增加吸烟的数量。结论：急性剂量的安非他酮和安非他明都会增加非寻求治疗的吸烟者的吸烟量，但不会改变烟瘾或戒断的评级。安非他酮减少了对吸烟的一些感官反应。为什么安非他酮在受控条件下急性给药时会增加吸烟量，而有助于减少试图戒烟的患者的吸烟量，这一点仍有待确定。
Rationale: Bupropion is used clinically as a treatment for smoking cessation, but the processes by which it reduces smoking are poorly understood. Bupropion shares some neurochemical actions and behavioral effects with the psychostimulant amphetamine, and it has been shown that amphetamine increases smoking when administered acutely. The effects of single doses of bupropion on smoking have not been studied but, based on its similarities to amphetamine, we postulated that acute bupropion would also increase smoking. Objective: To measure the effects of single doses of amphetamine and bupropion on smoking and craving for cigarettes in smokers. Methods: Cigarette smokers who were not trying to quit participated in a three-session study in which they received placebo and a single dose of either d-amphetamine sulfate (10 and 20 mg; n=10) or bupropion hydrochloride (150 and 300 mg; n=12) after overnight abstinence. The three outcome measures were: i) subjective and behavioral effects of amphetamine and bupropion after a period of acute abstinence, ii) effects of amphetamine and bupropion on subjective responses to a single, smoked cigarette, and iii) effects of the drugs on number of cigarettes smoked during an ad libitum smoking period. Results: After the acute abstinence and before smoking, both amphetamine and bupropion increased self-reported mood and euphoria, but did not change ratings of craving or withdrawal. After subjects smoked a single smoked cigarette, they reported that bupropion reduced ratings of "buzzed" and "intensity". During the period of ad libitum smoking both amphetamine and bupropion increased the number of cigarettes smoked. Conclusion: Acute doses of both bupropion and amphetamine increase smoking in non-treatment-seeking smokers without altering ratings of craving or withdrawal. Bupropion reduced some of the sensory responses to the smoked cigarette. It remains to be determined why bupropion increases smoking when administered acutely under controlled conditions, while it helps to reduce smoking in patients trying to quit.