Self-reports -: How the questions shape the answers
Self-reports -: How the questions shape the answers
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DOI：
10.1037/0003-066x.54.2.93
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Schwarz, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwarz, N
行为和态度的自我报告受到研究工具特征的强烈影响，包括问题措辞、格式和上下文。最近的研究已经解决了潜在的认知和交际过程，这些过程是系统的，并且越来越被人们所理解。我回顾了已经学到的问题理解、行为频率报告和态度测量中情境效应的出现。关于自我报告背后过程的知识积累有望改善问卷设计和数据质量。
Self-reports of behaviors and attitudes are strongly influenced by features of the research instrument, including question wording, format and context. Recent research has addressed the underlying cognitive and communicative processes, which are systematic and increasingly well-understood. I review what has been learned focusing on issues of question comprehension, behavioral frequency reports, and the emergence of context effects in attitude measurement. The accumulating knowledge about the processes underlying self-reports promises to improve questionnaire design and data quality.