Living with tigers Panthera tigris: patterns, correlates, and contexts of human-tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Living with tigers Panthera tigris: patterns, correlates, and contexts of human-tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
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DOI：
10.1017/s0030605316001587
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bumrungsri, Sara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dhungana, Rajendra;Savini, Tommaso;Bumrungsri, Sara
当虎攻击人类或其牲畜时，人类冲突就会发生，对老虎和人类都构成重大威胁。为了更好地了解这种冲突，我们研究了时空模式，相关因素，冲突的原因和背景在奇旺国家公园，尼泊尔，及其缓冲区，在2007 - 2014年。数据，主要来自补偿申请，是从公园办公室收集的。记录了54起人员伤亡（32人死亡，22人受伤）和351起牲畜掠夺事件，集中在指定地区，其中75.9%的人员伤亡发生在缓冲区，66.7%发生在公园边界1公里内。一个线性模型表明，2007 - 2014年期间，人员伤亡显著增加。牲畜被杀的比例与它们的相对可用性成正比，山羊遭受的掠夺最多（55%）。牲畜掠夺和国家公园正面（村庄发展委员会/市政当局边界毗邻国家公园的长度）之间存在正相关关系，但人口、牲畜数量、缓冲区的森林面积、降雨量或温度之间不存在正相关关系。老虎袭击人类与任何相关因素之间都没有关系。野生猎物密度与冲突不相关。在因冲突而被移走的老虎中，73.3%是雄性。大多数袭击发生在意外集会期间（77.8%），大多数是在人们收集饲料或薪材时（53.7%），几乎一半（48.2%）发生在缓冲区森林。我们建议使用的冲突地图在这里制定的预防措施的优先次序，减少冲突的战略应包括分区执法，改善畜牧业，参与老虎监测，保险计划，和社区意识。
Humantiger conflict arises when tigers Panthera tigris attack people or their livestock, and poses a significant threat to both tigers and people. To gain a greater understanding of such conflict we examined spatio-temporal patterns, correlates, causes and contexts of conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and its buffer zone, during 20072014. Data, mostly from compensation applications, were collected from the Park office. Fifty-four human casualties (32 fatalities, 22 injuries) and 351 incidents of livestock depredation were recorded, clustered in defined areas, with 75.9% of human casualties occurring in the buffer zone and 66.7% within 1 km of the Park boundary. A linear model indicated there was a significant increase in human casualties during 20072014. Livestock were killed in proportion to their relative availability, with goats suffering the highest depredation (55%). There was a positive correlation between livestock depredation and National Park frontage (the length of Village Development Committee/municipality boundary abutting the National Park), but not human population, livestock population, forest area in the buffer zone, rainfall or temperature. There was no relationship between tiger attacks on people and any of the correlates examined. Wild prey density was not correlated with conflict. Of the tigers removed because of conflict, 73.3% were male. The majority of attacks on people occurred during accidental meetings (77.8%), mostly while people were collecting fodder or fuelwood (53.7%), and almost half (48.2%) occurred in the buffer zone forests. We recommend the use of the conflict map developed here in the prioritization of preventive measures, and that strategies to reduce conflict should include zoning enforcement, improvement of livestock husbandry, participatory tiger monitoring, an insurance scheme, and community awareness.