GuLF DREAM: A Model to Estimate Dermal Exposure Among Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers
GuLF DREAM: A Model to Estimate Dermal Exposure Among Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers
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DOI：
10.1093/annweh/wxz037
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发表时间：
2022-04-07
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Stewart, Patricia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, Melanie Gorman;Cherrie, John W.;Stewart, Patricia
2010年“深水地平线”石油钻井平台爆炸后，数以万计的人进行了漏油反应和清理(OSRC)活动。许多人接触到了石油残留物和分散剂。美国国家环境健康科学研究所召集了近33000名工作人员，调查石油泄漏暴露对健康的潜在不利影响。这些人需要对皮肤和吸入暴露的估计。在海湾研究(海湾长期随访研究)中，使用在泄漏发生时测量的环境呼吸区测量来估计参与者的吸入暴露，但没有收集真皮测量。因此，一种建模方法被用来估计皮肤暴露。我们试图修改DREAM(皮肤暴露评估方法)，以优化评估各种与石油泄漏相关的物质暴露的模型，并纳入皮肤暴露研究的进展。在2000年以来发表的文献中对每个梦参数进行了审查，并在适当的情况下进行了修改。为了反映OSRC工作发生的环境，将蒸发的模式处理扩展到包括蒸汽压力和风速，并增加了海水对暴露的影响。修改后的模型被称为海湾梦，接触是以海湾梦单位(GDU)估计的。使用现有出版的重质燃料油(HFO)真皮擦拭测量和沥青真皮洗手测量进行了外部验证，以评估油、焦油和燃料模型的性能。总体而言，测量的暴露与GDU估计有中等程度的相关性(r=0.59)，HFO的具体相关性为-0.48，沥青的具体相关性为0.68。本文中描述的海湾梦境模型已被用于为海湾研究生成皮肤暴露估计。许多更新都是通用的，所以更新后的模型可能对其他皮肤暴露情况有用。
Tens of thousands of individuals performed oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC) activities following the 'Deepwater Horizon' oil drilling rig explosion in 2010. Many were exposed to oil residues and dispersants. The US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences assembled a cohort of nearly 33 000 workers to investigate potential adverse health effects of oil spill exposures. Estimates of dermal and inhalation exposure are required for those individuals. Ambient breathing-zone measurements taken at the time of the spill were used to estimate inhalation exposures for participants in the GuLF STUDY (Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study), but no dermal measurements were collected. Consequently, a modelling approach was used to estimate dermal exposures. We sought to modify DREAM (DeRmal Exposure Assessment Method) to optimize the model for assessing exposure to various oil spill-related substances and to incorporate advances in dermal exposure research. Each DREAM parameter was reviewed in the context of literature published since 2000 and modified where appropriate. To reflect the environment in which the OSRC work took place, the model treatment of evaporation was expanded to include vapour pressure and wind speed, and the effect of seawater on exposure was added. The modified model is called GuLF DREAM and exposure is estimated in GuLF DREAM units (GDU). An external validation to assess the performance of the model for oils, tars, and fuels was conducted using available published dermal wipe measurements of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and dermal hand wash measurements of asphalt. Overall, measured exposures had moderate correlations with GDU estimates (r = 0.59) with specific correlations of -0.48 for HFO and 0.68 for asphalt. The GuLF DREAM model described in this article has been used to generate dermal exposure estimates for the GuLF STUDY. Many of the updates made were generic, so the updated model may be useful for other dermal exposure scenarios.