The omnipresence of autonomic modulation in health and disease
The omnipresence of autonomic modulation in health and disease
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102218
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Forstenpointner;I. Elman;R. Freeman;D. Borsook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Forstenpointner;I. Elman;R. Freeman;D. Borsook
自主神经系统 (ANS) 是体内平衡机制的关键部分，具有中央和外围组件。然而，人们对这些成分的整合及其在维持健康和导致躯体和/或神经精神（共）病的稳态脱轨中的共同作用知之甚少。基于对 ANS 神经解剖学的全面文献检索，我们剖析了 ANS 的复杂整合：（1）首先我们总结了压力和稳态平衡——阐明 ANS 对压力源的反应； (2)其次描述ANS参与压力适应和适应不良的整个过程； (3) 在第三部分中，ANS 被分层划分为神经系统的外周/脊髓、脑干、皮质下和皮质部分。我们利用这个解剖学基础来定义自主整合模型。 (4) 最后，我们部署模型来描述人类 ANS 参与 (a) 功能减退和 (b) 功能亢进状态，提供健康状态和临床条件下的示例。
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a critical part of the homeostatic machinery with both central and peripheral components. However, little is known about the integration of these components and their joint role in the maintenance of health and in allostatic derailments leading to somatic and/or neuropsychiatric (co)morbidity. Based on a comprehensive literature search on the ANS neuroanatomy we dissect the complex integration of the ANS: (1) First we summarize Stress and Homeostatic Equilibrium – elucidating the responsivity of the ANS to stressors; (2) Second we describe the overall process of how the ANS is involved in Adaptation and Maladaptation to Stress; (3) In the third section the ANS is hierarchically partitioned into the peripheral/spinal, brainstem, subcortical and cortical components of the nervous system. We utilize this anatomical basis to define a model of autonomic integration. (4) Finally, we deploy the model to describe human ANS involvement in (a) Hypofunctional and (b) Hyperfunctional states providing examples in the healthy state and in clinical conditions.