Biodegradation of nitro-explosives.
Biodegradation of nitro-explosives.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2003-09
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
P. Kanekar;P. Dautpure;S. Sarnaik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Kanekar;P. Dautpure;S. Sarnaik
硝基化合物造成的环境污染主要与炸药工业有关。然而，全球生产和使用爆炸物是不可避免的。目前广泛使用的硝基炸药有TNT（三硝基甲苯）、RDX（皇家爆破炸药）和HMX（高熔点炸药）。然而，这些硝基炸药的问题几乎是平行的，因为它们的生产工艺相似，硝基炸药的丰富性和相似的化学结构。硝基炸药本身及其环境转化产物具有毒性，表现出高铁血红蛋白血症、肾病、黄疸等症状，因此必须从土壤/水中清除/降解。TNT和RDX的好氧和厌氧降解已有报道，而HMX的厌氧或缺氧降解已在许多研究中描述。利用植物进行补救的多系统参与越来越重要。因此，硝基炸药降解的信息是在拼图，需要安排和填补空白，以获得具体的降解方案，以便更成功地从宏观上处理硝基炸药的环境污染。本文综述了硝基炸药降解的研究现状、发展前景以及我们所做的研究工作。
Environmental contamination by nitro compounds is associated principally with the explosives industry. However, global production and use of explosives is unavoidable. The presently widely used nitro-explosives are TNT (Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) and HMX (High Melting Explosive). Nevertheless, the problems of these nitro-explosives are almost parallel due to their similarities of production processes, abundance of nitro-explosives and resembling chemical structures. The nitro-explosives per se as well as their environmental transformation products are toxic, showing symptoms as methaemoglobinaemia, kidney trouble, jaundice etc. Hence their removal/degradation from soil/water is essential. Aerobic and anaerobic degradation of TNT and RDX have been reported, while for HMX anaerobic or anoxic degradation have been described in many studies. A multisystem involvement using plants in remediation is gaining importance. Thus the information about degradation of nitro-explosives is available in jigsaw pieces which needs to be arranged and lacunae filled to get concrete degradative schemes so that environmental pollution from nitro-explosives can be dealt with more successfully at a macroscale. An overview of the reports on nitro-explosives degradation, future outlook and studies done by us are presented in this review.