Race-specific norms: Using the model of hypertension to understand issues of race, culture, and education in neuropsychology
Race-specific norms: Using the model of hypertension to understand issues of race, culture, and education in neuropsychology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.acn.2007.01.006
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Echemendia, Ruben J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manly, Jennifer J.;Echemendia, Ruben J.
为少数民族正确使用神经心理测试制定适当和明确的指导方针是当前的一项重大挑战。虽然制定针对种族/族裔的规范很受欢迎，但也有争议。一些人认为，这些规范将提高神经心理学测量在检测认知障碍方面的敏感性和特异性。然而，两个主要的论点已经浮出水面：（1）种族特定的规范忽视了潜在的文化和教育因素，种族作为代理人，（2）设置“更宽松”的截止日期为少数民族之间的损害否认这些群体需要的服务。在本文中，我们认为，最近对高血压的研究揭示了一些关键的教训，神经心理学家谁是这个问题的斗争。高血压模型有助于理解神经心理学测试中的结构效度问题，也有助于揭示以种族为代表的认知测试表现不佳的潜在原因。(C)2007年美国国家神经心理学学会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Development of appropriate and clear guidelines for proper use of neuropsychological tests among ethnic minorities is a current and significant challenge. Although development of race/ethnicity-specific norms is popular, it is also controversial. Some have argued that these norms will improve the sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological measures in detecting cognitive impairment. However, two major arguments have surfaced that: (1) race-specific norms ignore underlying cultural and educational factors for which race serves as a proxy, and (2) setting "more lenient" cutoffs for impairment among ethnic minorities denies these groups needed services. In this paper, we argue that recent research on hypertension reveals a number of crucial lessons for neuropsychologists who are struggling with this issue. The model of hypertension is helpful in understanding issues of construct validity in neuropsychological testing, and is also helpful in revealing possible underlying causes of poor cognitive test performance for which race serves as a proxy. (C) 2007 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.