High-Resolution Studies of Mass Transport Deposits: Outcrop Perspective for Understanding Modern Submarine Slope Failure and Associated Natural Hazards
High-Resolution Studies of Mass Transport Deposits: Outcrop Perspective for Understanding Modern Submarine Slope Failure and Associated Natural Hazards
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质量传输沉积物的高分辨率研究：了解现代海底斜坡破坏和相关自然灾害的露头视角
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-08660-6_40
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Strasser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Ogata;G. Pini;A. Festa;Ž. Pogačnik;Giorgio Tunis;J. Mountjoy;K. Senger;M. Strasser
在选定的野外类似物上进行微观到中尺度的露头研究，可以直接校准和测试在现代大陆边缘的大块搬运矿床上进行的地球物理解释，根据遗传过程和滑动动力学。这种比较方法为预测和减轻与海底滑坡有关的地质灾害提供了重要信息。实地研究（即意大利亚平宁山脉北部、西班牙比利牛斯山脉中部和意大利/斯洛文尼亚Dinarides西北部的始新世-逐渐新世混合地震尺度海底块体搬运沉积）与来自一些现代类似地点（即新西兰近海）的多波束测深、地震和钻探岩心数据的比较；为了提高露头观测的高尺度和地球物理特征的低尺度，提出了日本和挪威北极的斯瓦尔巴群岛)。我们的研究结果表明，滑动质量迁移率是内部液化/流化程度的函数，主要发生在滑动基段和滑动体内部。这是由于不排水的剪切/加载-卸载较差的岩化沉积物，以及随之而来的流体超压的发展，能够适应高应变速率的变形。与这些过程相关的结构在所有尺度上都可以观察到，并代表了识别潜在灾难性质量输运事件的诊断标准。
Micro- to meso-scale outcrop studies on selected field analogues allow direct calibration and testing of geophysical interpretations performed on mass transport deposits in modern continental margins, in terms of genetic processes and sliding dynamics. This comparative approach provides important information for forecasting and mitigating submarine landslide-related geohazards. The comparison of fieldwork studies (i.e., siliciclastic, carbonate and mixed, seismic-scale Eocene-Oligocene submarine mass transport deposits of the Northern Apennines in Italy, central Pyrenees in Spain and the north-western Dinarides in Italy/Slovenia) with multibeam bathymetric, seismic and drill core data from some modern analogues (i.e., offshore of New Zealand, Japan and Svalbard in Arctic Norway) is proposed in order to upscale the outcrop observations and downscale the geophysical features. Our results show that slide mass mobility is a function of the degree of internal liquefaction/fluidization, mainly achieved at the basal sliding interval and within the slide body. This is due to undrained shearing/loading-unloading of poorly-lithified sediments, and consequent development of fluid overpressure that is able to accommodate deformations at high strain rates. Structures related to these processes are observable at all scales, and represent diagnostic criteria to recognize potentially catastrophic mass transport events.