The psychology of emotion and study of the medieval period
The psychology of emotion and study of the medieval period
复制标题
情绪心理学与中世纪时期的研究
DOI：
10.1111/1468-0254.00090
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
C. Larrington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Larrington
法律的历史学家W.I.警告说：“我所追求的并不是严格的，也不是可以用某种社会科学的狭隘经验方法来检验的。”米勒是情感史领域的先驱。[1]米勒在某些地方对心理学及其提供的见解不屑一顾，但情感心理学是一个不断发展的领域，在这方面的发现对中世纪学者来说是有启发性的。下面是情感心理学的三个特殊方面的概述，并提出一些建议，说明这些方面如何有助于在中世纪时期的文本中思考情感。目前情绪的心理学理论大致分为两大类：普遍主义理论或基本情绪理论，以及成分理论。基本情感理论最终源自达尔文。[2]从本质上讲，他们认为，“基本情感”是人类所有成员在不同文化和时代所共有的，并通过基因传播。[3]成分理论的支持者认为，情绪可以被简化为不同成分的组合。这些元素属于三个不同的系统：生理或身体，例如变苍白;认知（实际上，思维和推理），例如识别侮辱;以及表达或行为，例如提出口头挑战。这些元素联合收割机产生可识别的情感的方式由社会背景和语言决定，并且是高度可变的。[4]在20世纪80年代，这种社会建构主义的立场成为主导，并且在人类学和历史学关于情感的思考中以一种微弱的形式保持着这种地位。5
‘What I am after is not hard and testable in the narrow empirical ways of a certain style of social science’ warns the legal historian W.I. Miller, a pioneer in the field of the history of emotion. 1 Miller is, in places, dismissive of psychology and the insights it has to offer, yet the psychology of emotion is a growing field and discoveries made in it can be illuminating for medievalists. What follows is an outline of three particular aspects of psychology of emotion and some suggestion of how these might be productive for thinking about emotions in texts of the medieval period. Current psychological theories of emotion fall broadly into two groups: universalist theories or theories of basic emotion, and componential theories. Theories of basic emotion ultimately derive from Darwin. 2 Essentially they argue that the ‘basic emotions’ are common to all members of the human species across different cultures and times and are genetically transmitted. 3 Advocates of componential theories maintain that emotion can be reduced to bundles of different elements. These elements belong to three distinct systems: the physiological or bodily, e.g. turning pale; the cognitive (in effect, thinking and reasoning), e.g. recognising an insult; and the expressive or behavioural, e.g. making a verbal challenge. The ways in which these elements combine to produce recognisable emotions are determined both by social context and by language, and are highly variable. 4 In the 1980s this social constructionist position became dominant, and, in a weak version, remains so in anthropological and historical thinking about emotion. 5