Growth and Productivity Assessment of Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L. and Upland NERICA) Genotypes in Semiarid North-Central Namibia
Growth and Productivity Assessment of Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L. and Upland NERICA) Genotypes in Semiarid North-Central Namibia
复制标题
纳米比亚中北部半干旱地区短熟稻（Oryza sativa L. 和 Upland NERICA）基因型的生长和生产力评估
DOI：
10.1155/2021/6676081
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Osmund D. Mwandemele and Morio Iijima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simon K. Awala ;Kudakwashe Hove;Vistorina Shivute;Johanna S. Valombola;Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo;Yoshihiro Hirooka;Osmund D. Mwandemele and Morio Iijima
在半干旱地区，干旱是农作物生产的主要威胁，但气候变化和变率常常给这些地区带来洪水，形成季节性湿地，对当地适应干旱的主粮造成损害，从而导致产量低和粮食短缺。将半水生作物水稻（Oryzaspp.）引入这些半干旱湿地可以补充旱地作物的低产并克服粮食短缺问题。 2016/2017和2017/2018种植季节在纳米比亚大学奥贡戈校区进行了田间试验，以评估水稻基因型的生长和产量。使用了 12 种短期水稻基因型，其中 9 种来自国际水稻研究所 (IRRI)，另外 3 种来自当地种植的旱地 NERICA 基因型。进行方差参数分析以测试它们对作物生长和产量特性的影响。结果显示，抽穗天数、株高、每平方米分蘖数、地上部生物量、每平方米圆锥花序数、千粒重、收获指数和谷物产量之间存在显着的基因型交互作用。 IRRI 基因型比 NERICA 基因型产生更多的分蘖数、地上部生物量和籽粒产量，而 NERICA 基因型早熟、更高，历年千粒重也更高。一般来说，由于与较低温度和较低太阳辐射相关的普遍凉爽、多雨和看似多云的天气条件，大多数基因型在第一年的谷物产量较低，而芽生物量较高。产量与大多数性状呈正相关，与千粒重呈负相关。这些结果证明了 IRRI 基因型相对于早熟 NERICA 基因型的产量优势。然而，有必要对 IRRI 基因型的形态特征和耐旱性进行进一步研究，以确定半干旱环境下生产的可持续性。
In semiarid regions, drought is the major threat to crop production, but climate change and variability often bring floods to the regions, forming seasonal wetlands causing damage to local, drought‐adapted staple grains and, hence, low yields and food deficit. Introduction of the semiaquatic crop rice (Oryzaspp.) to these semiarid wetlands could complement the dryland crop low yields and overcome the food shortage problem. A field experiment was carried out at the University of Namibia‐Ogongo Campus during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons to assess the growth and yield of rice genotypes. Twelve short‐duration rice genotypes, nine from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and three locally grown upland NERICA genotypes, were used. Parametric analysis of variance was performed to test their effects on crop growth and yield characters. The results showed significant genotype by year interaction for days to heading, plant height, the number of tillers per m2, shoot biomass, the number of panicles per m2, 1000‐grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield. The IRRI genotypes produced a higher number of tillers, shoot biomass, and grain yield than the NERICA ones, which were early maturing, were taller, and had higher 1000‐grain weight across the years. Generally, most of the genotypes had lower grain yield and higher shoot biomass in the first year, due to the prevailing cool, rainy, and seemingly cloudy weather conditions associated with lower temperature and lower solar radiation. Grain yield was positively correlated with most characters but negatively correlated with the 1000‐grain weight. These results demonstrate the yield superiority of IRRI genotypes over their early‐maturing NERICA counterparts. However, further studies on morphological characters and drought tolerance of the IRRI genotypes are warranted to ascertain production sustainability under semiarid environments.