The RNA polymerase II core promoter - the gateway to transcription
The RNA polymerase II core promoter - the gateway to transcription
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2008.03.003
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Kadonaga, James T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Juven-Gershon, Tamar;Hsu, Jer-Yuan;Kadonaga, James T.
RNA聚合酶II核心启动子通常被定义为指导转录起始的序列。这个简单的定义掩盖了一个多样且复杂的转录模块。核心启动子主要有两种类型——集中型和分散型。集中型启动子包含单个转录起始位点，或者在几个核苷酸上有明显的起始位点簇，而分散型启动子在50 - 100个核苷酸上包含多个起始位点，并且通常在脊椎动物的CpG岛中发现。集中型启动子比分散型启动子更古老，在自然界中分布更广泛；然而，在脊椎动物中，分散型启动子比集中型启动子更常见。此外，核心启动子可能包含许多不同的序列基序，例如TATA框、BRE、Inr、MTE、DPE、DCE和XCPE1，它们指定了不同的转录机制以及对增强子的反应。因此，核心启动子是转录的一个复杂通道，它决定了哪些信号将导致转录起始。
The RNA polymerase II core promoter is generally defined to be the sequence that directs the initiation of transcription. This simple definition belies a diverse and complex transcriptional module. There are two major types of core promoters - focused and dispersed. Focused promoters contain either a single transcription start site or a distinct cluster of start sites over several nucleotides, whereas dispersed promoters contain several start sites over 50-100 nucleotides and are typically found in CpG islands in vertebrates. Focused promoters are more ancient and widespread throughout nature than dispersed promoters; however, in vertebrates, dispersed promoters are more common than focused promoters. In addition, core promoters may contain many different sequence motifs, such as the TATA box, BRE, Inr, MTE, DPE, DCE, and XCPE1, that specify different mechanisms of transcription and responses to enhancers. Thus, the core promoter is a sophisticated gateway to transcription that determines which signals will lead to transcription initiation.