RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer.

RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer.
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DOI:
10.15252/embj.2019103932
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发表时间:
2020-09-15
期刊:
The EMBO journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Maurice MM
Maurice MM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spit M;Fenderico N;Jordens I;Radaszkiewicz T;Lindeboom RG;Bugter JM;Cristobal A;Ootes L;van Osch M;Janssen E;Boonekamp KE;Hanakova K;Potesil D;Zdrahal Z;Boj SF;Medema JP;Bryja V;Koo BK;Vermeulen M;Maurice MM

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Wnt/β‐catenin信号是组织更新过程中干细胞维持的主要途径,也是癌症突变的常见靶标。由于泛素连接酶RNF43的缺失导致Wnt受体内吞作用受损,导致Wnt敏感肿瘤,对基于抗Wnt的治疗敏感。与此范式相反,我们发现一类截断癌症突变的RNF43诱导β -连环蛋白介导的转录,尽管表现出保留的Wnt受体下调。这些突变干扰了RNF43细胞质尾部与泛素无关的抑制作用,涉及酪蛋白激酶1 (CK1)的结合和磷酸化。从机制上讲,截断的RNF43变异体在质膜上捕获CK1,从而阻止β -连环蛋白的周转,并推动与配体无关的靶基因转录。人类结肠干细胞的基因编辑表明,RNF43截断与p53缺失合作,驱动一个不依赖于生态位的自我更新和增殖程序。此外,这些RNF43变异体对抗Wnt治疗的敏感性降低。我们的数据表明,研究患者来源的突变对于理解疾病机制和改进精准医学的应用具有重要意义。RNF43的C端缩短通过降低破坏复合物活性而不影响其泛素连接酶活性来促进Wnt/β -连环蛋白。
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is a primary pathway for stem cell maintenance during tissue renewal and a frequent target for mutations in cancer. Impaired Wnt receptor endocytosis due to loss of the ubiquitin ligase RNF43 gives rise to Wnt‐hypersensitive tumors that are susceptible to anti‐Wnt‐based therapy. Contrary to this paradigm, we identify a class of RNF43 truncating cancer mutations that induce β‐catenin‐mediated transcription, despite exhibiting retained Wnt receptor downregulation. These mutations interfere with a ubiquitin‐independent suppressor role of the RNF43 cytosolic tail that involves Casein kinase 1 (CK1) binding and phosphorylation. Mechanistically, truncated RNF43 variants trap CK1 at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing β‐catenin turnover and propelling ligand‐independent target gene transcription. Gene editing of human colon stem cells shows that RNF43 truncations cooperate with p53 loss to drive a niche‐independent program for self‐renewal and proliferation. Moreover, these RNF43 variants confer decreased sensitivity to anti‐Wnt‐based therapy. Our data demonstrate the relevance of studying patient‐derived mutations for understanding disease mechanisms and improved applications of precision medicine. C‐terminal shortening of RNF43 promotes Wnt/β‐catenin by decreasing destruction complex activity without effects on its ubiquitin ligase activity.
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