A SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING OF SIGNIFICANT FLOOD RISK IN NORTHERN IRELAND USING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLOOD RISK METRICS BASED ON FLUVIAL, COASTAL, PLUVIAL AND HISTORICAL FLOODING
A SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING OF SIGNIFICANT FLOOD RISK IN NORTHERN IRELAND USING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FLOOD RISK METRICS BASED ON FLUVIAL, COASTAL, PLUVIAL AND HISTORICAL FLOODING
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使用基于河流、沿海、雨洪和历史洪水的社会、经济和环境洪水风险指标对北爱尔兰重大洪水风险进行空间了解
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发表时间：
2008
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通讯作者：
Simon Wells
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作者：
B. Hankin;A. Lowis;Andrew Lloyd;P. Robinson;D. Henderson;S. Lancashire;Simon Wells
本文报告了一个项目的第一阶段，该项目旨在为北爱尔兰提供重大洪水风险地区的空间了解，以便根据欧盟洪水指令第4条和第5条，为初步洪水风险评估(PFRA)提供信息。该指令要求确定存在或可能发生重大洪灾风险的地区，并强调历史事件。为了确定洪水风险，需要关于洪水的潜在来源(例如河流、海岸)；通往接收器的路径(例如防御工事、数字地形模型)；接收器(例如建筑物)及其脆弱性的空间信息。计划在北爱尔兰其他地区以第一阶段为模式进行第二阶段的PFRA，一旦完成，将全部进行公众咨询。河流管理局最近完成了3个概率事件的河流和沿海洪水轮廓，并有历史轮廓，这些都是空间理解洪水风险的关键。然而，该指令指出，需要考虑其他洪灾来源。最近的山洪暴发事件造成了巨大的损失，认识到其重要性，该机构委托制作了暴雨轮廓，作为该项目的一部分。在第一阶段，对贝尔法斯特、纽敦和奥马三个试点地区的河流、沿海、洪水和历史轮廓进行了查询，基础数据包括：建筑多边形；关键基础设施和服务(例如学校)；IPPC地点；环境地点；土地覆盖；全国人口普查及其衍生数据，包括脆弱性和经济匮乏指数。洪水风险的量度范围很广，包括：被淹的财产数量；被淹的面积；基础设施被淹的长度；年平均经济和农业损失。这些洪水风险指标是在国家1公里网格上得出的，根据不同洪水风险来源的试验区的社会、经济和环境洪水风险类别，得出了一床“拼凑的被子”。第二阶段将包括第一阶段没有的文化遗产的额外数据。这种类型的可视化已被证明是一个强大的工具，也将有利于空间战略和评估，以指导开发到风险较低的地区。
This paper reports on Phase 1 of a project to deliver a spatial understanding of areas of significant flood risk for Northern Ireland to inform a Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) under Articles 4 and 5 of the EC Floods Directive. The Directive requires the identification of areas where ‘ potential significant flood risk exists or might be considered likely to occur ’, and emphasises historical events. To define flood risk, spatial information is required on potential sources of flooding (e.g. fluvial, coastal); pathways to receptors (e.g. defences, digital terrain model); the receptors (e.g. buildings) and their vulnerability. It is planned to progress Phase 2 of the PFRA for the rest of Northern Ireland using Phase 1 as the model, and once completed, it will all go to public consultation. The Rivers Agency recently completed fluvial and coastal flood outlines for 3 probability events, and has historical outlines, which are all key to spatial understanding of flood risk. However, the Directive indicates the need to consider other sources of flooding. Recent flash flooding events have generated large damages, and recognising the significance, the Agency commissioned the production of pluvial outlines as part of this project. In Phase 1, the fluvial, coastal, pluvial and historical outlines were queried for three pilot areas of Belfast, Newtownards and Omagh against a base-data of: building polygons; critical infrastructure and services (e.g. schools); IPPC sites; environmental sites; land cover; the National Census and derivatives including vulnerability and economic deprivation indices. A wide range of flood risk metrics were derived including: numbers of properties flooded; areas flooded; lengths of infrastructure flooded; annual average economic and agricultural damages. These flood risk metrics were derived over a national 1km grid to give a ‘patchwork quilt’ using the categories of social, economic and environmental flood risk over the pilot areas for the different sources of flood risk. Phase 2 will include additional data for cultural heritage not available for Phase 1. This type of visualisation has proven to be a powerful tool, and would also benefit spatial strategies and appraisals to direct development to lower risk areas.