The Domino Effects of Federal Research Funding.
The Domino Effects of Federal Research Funding.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0157325
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Feldman MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lanahan L;Graddy-Reed A;Feldman MP
联邦对研究的投资在多大程度上排挤或减少了其他资金来源对投资的激励，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。关于研究资金的奖学金集中在联邦和行业之间的关系，或者更全面地说，非联邦资金，而没有解开研究支持的其他来源，包括非营利组织和州和地方政府。本文扩展了我们对学术研究支持的理解，通过考虑国家科学基金会高等教育研究与发展调查提供的联邦和非联邦资金来源之间的关系。我们研究是否联邦研究投资作为一个补充或替代州和地方政府，非营利组织和行业研究投资使用人口的研究活跃的学术科学领域在美国博士授予机构。我们使用一个系统的两个方程，仪器与前两个联邦和非联邦资金来源的水平，并占时间不变的学术机构场效应，通过第一差分。我们估计，联邦研究经费每增加1%，非营利研究经费将增加0.411%，州和地方研究经费将增加0.217%，行业研究经费将增加0.468%。研究结果表明，联邦资金在诱导其他资金来源的补充投资中发挥着重要作用，其影响因学术分工、研究能力和机构控制而异。
The extent to which federal investment in research crowds out or decreases incentives for investment from other funding sources remains an open question. Scholarship on research funding has focused on the relationship between federal and industry or, more comprehensively, non-federal funding without disentangling the other sources of research support that include nonprofit organizations and state and local governments. This paper extends our understanding of academic research support by considering the relationships between federal and non-federal funding sources provided by the National Science Foundation Higher Education Research and Development Survey. We examine whether federal research investment serves as a complement or substitute for state and local government, nonprofit, and industry research investment using the population of research-active academic science fields at U.S. doctoral granting institutions. We use a system of two equations that instruments with prior levels of both federal and non-federal funding sources and accounts for time-invariant academic institution-field effects through first differencing. We estimate that a 1% increase in federal research funding is associated with a 0.411% increase in nonprofit research funding, a 0.217% increase in state and local research funding, and a 0.468% increase in industry research funding, respectively. Results indicate that federal funding plays a fundamental role in inducing complementary investments from other funding sources, with impacts varying across academic division, research capacity, and institutional control.