Comparative multi-omics analysis reveals diverse latex-based defense strategies against pests among latex-producing organs of the fig tree (Ficus carica)
Comparative multi-omics analysis reveals diverse latex-based defense strategies against pests among latex-producing organs of the fig tree (Ficus carica)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00425-018-2880-3
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Yano, Haruna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kitajima, Sakihito;Aoki, Wataru;Yano, Haruna
来自植物的乳胶含有大量的有毒蛋白质和代谢物，这些蛋白质和代谢物在害虫引起的伤口部位渗出后攻击微生物和食草动物。乳胶的蛋白质和代谢物成分是高度可变的，这取决于植物物种和器官。为了研究无花果树（Ficuscarica）器官中胶乳防御策略的多样性，我们对无花果未成熟果实、嫩叶柄和木质部树干中的胶乳进行了比较蛋白质组学、转录组学和代谢组学分析。在使用RNA-seq数据构建单基因序列文库之后，胰蛋白酶抑制剂是叶柄胶乳中最丰富的蛋白质，而半胱氨酸蛋白酶（“无花果蛋白酶”）是最丰富的未成熟的水果和树干胶乳。没食子酰甘油，一种可能的防御相关的代谢产物，似乎是高度积累在所有三个胶乳。病程相关蛋白在树干胶乳中的表达量最高，表明该胶乳对微生物的攻击具有防御作用。虽然年轻的叶柄和未成熟的果实都unligandly软器官，和潜在的食草性昆虫的食物，unigenes的倍半萜类途径，这可能会产生防御相关的挥发物，和苯丙素类途径，产生有毒的呋喃香豆素，在未成熟的果实胶乳中表达较少。这种差异可能表明，虽然叶柄和果实保护植物免受草食动物的攻击，但果实也必须在年轻阶段吸引昆虫授粉者和成熟后的动物。我们还提出了可能的候选转录因子和信号转导蛋白的差异表达的unigenes参与。
Latexes from plants contain high amounts of toxic proteins and metabolites, which attack microbes and herbivores after exudation at pest-induced wound sites. The protein and metabolite constituents of latexes are highly variable, depending on the plant species and organ. To determine the diversity of latex-based defense strategies in fig tree (Ficus carica) organs, we conducted comparative proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on latexes isolated from immature fruit, young petioles and lignified trunks of F. carica after constructing a unigene sequence library using RNA-seq data. Trypsin inhibitors were the most abundant proteins in petiole latex, while cysteine proteases ("ficins") were the most abundant in immature fruit and trunk latexes. Galloylglycerol, a possible defense-related metabolite, appeared to be highly accumulated in all three latexes. The expression levels of pathogenesis-related proteins were highest in the latex of trunk, suggesting that this latex had adapted a defensive role against microbe attacks. Although young petioles and immature fruit are both unlignified soft organs, and potential food for herbivorous insects, unigenes for the sesquiterpenoid pathway, which likely produces defense-associated volatiles, and the phenylpropanoid pathway, which produces toxic furanocoumarins, were expressed less in immature fruit latex. This difference may indicate that while petioles and fruit protect the plant from attack by herbivores, the fruit must also attract insect pollinators at younger stages and animals after ripening. We also suggest possible candidate transcription factors and signal transduction proteins that are involved in the differential expression of the unigenes.