Institution and inequality: the hukou system in China
Institution and inequality: the hukou system in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jce.2004.11.001
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Liu, ZQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, ZQ
我们研究了中国的户口制度，这是一种控制人口流动的制度，对个人层面的社会和经济结果的影响。利用最近一项中国家庭调查的数据，我们发现，较晚获得城市户口的人的生活明显不如其他城市居民。他们受教育的年限较少，不太可能在国有部门工作，也不太可能享受雇主提供的医疗福利，更有可能成为自营职业者或失业者。一项控制了通常认为会影响移徙决定的因素的城乡比较显示，造成城乡不平等的两个主要因素是农村人口的教育程度低和农村就业的教育回报低。由于户籍制度剥夺了农村人口接受教育和城市就业的机会，我们认为，户口制度是城乡不平等的一个主要因素。我们还估算了城市户口对农村个人的价值。(C)2004年成立比较经济学研究会。爱思唯尔公司出版All rights reserved.
We examine the impact of China's hukou system, which is an institution controlling population movement, on social and economic outcomes at the individual level. Using data from a recent Chinese household survey, we find that people who obtained urban hukou late in their lives fared significantly less well than other urban residents. They have fewer years of education, are less likely to hold state sector jobs and to have employer-provided healthcare benefits, and are more likely to be self-employed or unemployed. A rural-urban comparison that controls for factors commonly believed to affect migration decision reveals that the two major contributing factors to rural-urban inequality are low educational attainment among rural population and low rewards to education in rural employment. Since the hitkou system denies rural population the access to education and urban employment, we argue that the hukou system is a major contributing factor to rural-urban inequality. We also estimate the value of an urban hukou to rural individuals. (C) 2004 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.