UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths but not swallowtail butterflies
UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths but not swallowtail butterflies
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萱草花的紫外线靶心对比度吸引天蛾，但不吸引燕尾蝶
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.4604
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Yahara Tetsukazu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirota Shun K.;Miki Nozomu;Yasumoto Akiko A.;Yahara Tetsukazu
动物授粉的花朵的颜色和图案对传粉者的吸引力有影响。本研究以两种传粉昆虫为研究对象，考察了花的颜色和颜色对比模式对燕尾蝶和飞蛾吸引传粉昆虫的相对重要性；蝴蝶pollinatedH。fulvaand天蛾pollinatedH。柑桔属，在人类视觉中分别开淡红色和黄色的花。这两个品种的花都有紫外线靶心图案，由紫外线吸收中心和紫外线反射外围组成，被认为是典型的花蜜向导，但在h的外围，紫外线反射明显更强烈。柠檬花比h。fulvaflowers。以蝴蝶和飞蛾的视觉系统为基础进行对比，结果表明：蝴蝶和飞蛾的靶心图案颜色对比明显。柠檬酸比h更强烈。叶。为了评估花的颜色和靶心图案的颜色对比对传粉者吸引的相对重要性，我们采用由萱草属植物及其杂种组成的实验阵列进行了一系列的观察。结果，燕尾蝶和黄昏/夜间的飞蛾对花的颜色和图案表现出截然不同的偏好。而对飞蛾的偏好则受靶心图案的颜色对比影响，而不是受花的颜色影响。夜蛾和黄昏蛾对花的颜色偏好不一致，而对花的颜色偏好不一致。我们的研究结果表明，在光照受限的环境下，飞蛾可以利用吸收/反射紫外线的靶心模式进行觅食。柑橘是为了适应飞蛾而进化的。我们的研究结果还表明，传粉者之间的视觉系统差异可能促进了花的分化。
The color and patterns of animal‐pollinated flowers are known to have effects on pollinator attraction. In this study, the relative importance of flower color and color contrast patterns on pollinator attraction was examined in two pollinator groups, swallowtail butterflies and hawkmoths using twoHemerocallisspecies; butterfly‐pollinatedH. fulvaand hawkmoth‐pollinatedH. citrina,having reddish and yellowish flowers in human vision, respectively. Flowers of both species have UV bullseye patterns, composed of UV‐absorbing centers and UV‐reflecting peripheries, known to function as a typical nectar guide, but UV reflectance was significantly more intense in the peripheries ofH. citrinaflowers than in those ofH. fulvaflowers. Comparison based on the visual systems of butterflies and hawkmoths showed that the color contrast of the bullseye pattern inH. citrinawas more intense than that inH. fulva. To evaluate the relative importance of flower color and the color contrast of bullseye pattern on pollinator attraction, we performed a series of observations using experimental arrays consisting ofHemerocallisspecies and their hybrids. As a result, swallowtail butterflies and crepuscular/nocturnal hawkmoths showed contrasting preferences for flower color and patterns: butterflies preferredH. fulva‐like colored flower whereas the preference of hawkmoths was affected by the color contrast of the bullseye pattern rather than flower color. Both crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths consistently preferred flowers with stronger contrast of the UV bullseye pattern, whereas the preference of hawkmoths for flower color was incoherent. Our finding suggests that hawkmoths can use UV‐absorbing/reflecting bullseye patterns for foraging under light‐limited environments and that the intensified bullseye contrast ofH. citrinaevolved as an adaptation to hawkmoths. Our results also showed the difference of visual systems between pollinators, which may have promoted floral divergence.