Eyeblink Conditioning in Animal Models and Humans
Eyeblink Conditioning in Animal Models and Humans
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-60761-883-6_1
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woodruff-Pak, Diana S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown, Kevin L.;Woodruff-Pak, Diana S.
眨眼经典条件反射中涉及的行为参数和神经基质的知识基础是广泛的，并继续扩大。包括人类在内的哺乳动物物种在行为和神经生物学方面的密切相似之处使眨眼条件反射成为理想的范式或转化研究。本章介绍的应用包括眨眼条件反射在生命开始和结束时的严重神经系统疾病：胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的调查中的效用。最近在FAS儿童中的研究表明，延迟眨眼条件反射对产前酒精暴露的诊断具有很高的敏感性。有助于理解的神经机制，在小脑损伤的产前酒精暴露是一个发育的大鼠模型测试眨眼经典条件反射。正常兔海马胆碱能系统的破坏与延迟眨眼条件反射受损有关。这一结果导致了这样的假设，即在AD早期观察到的海马胆碱能的破坏可能导致延迟眨眼条件反射受损。这一假设得到证实，延迟眨眼条件反射已被证明对AD具有高敏感性。AD的高胆固醇血症兔模型显示出人类AD的许多神经病理学，并且在延迟眨眼条件反射中受损。大鼠FAS和兔AD模型均已证明在阐明疾病机制和确定治疗方面的实用性。
The knowledge base on behavioral parameters and neural substrates involved in eyeblink classical conditioning is extensive and continues to expand. The close parallels in behavior and neurobiology in mammalian species including humans make eyeblink conditioning an ideal paradigm or translational studies. Applications presented in this chapter include eyeblink conditioning's utility in the investigation of severe neurological conditions at the beginning and end of the life span: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies in children with FAS demonstrate that delay eyeblink conditioning has a high sensitivity for diagnosis of prenatal exposure to alcohol. Contributing to the understanding of the neural mechanisms in the cerebellum damaged by prenatal alcohol exposure is a developmental rat model tested with eyeblink classical conditioning. Disruption of the hippocampal cholinergic system is associated with impaired delay eyeblink conditioning in normal rabbits. This result led to the hypothesis that the hippocampal cholinergic disruption observed early in AD might cause delay eyeblink conditioning to he impaired. This hypothesis was confirmed, and delay eyeblink conditioning has been demonstrated to have high sensitivity tor AD. The hypercholesterolemic rabbit model of AD shows many neuropathologies of human AD and is impaired in delay eyeblink conditioning. Both the rat FAS and the rabbit AD models have demonstrated utility in the elucidation of disease mechanisms and the identification of:treatments.