Characterization of Pesticide Exposure in a Sample of Pregnant Women in Ecuador.
Characterization of Pesticide Exposure in a Sample of Pregnant Women in Ecuador.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-015-0217-9
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Barr DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Handal AJ;Hund L;Páez M;Bear S;Greenberg C;Fenske RA;Barr DB
很少有研究详细说明受雇于大型农业企业或居住在大型农业企业附近的妇女的产前农药接触水平。这项研究报告了在厄瓜多尔对工人进行的一项试点研究中，怀孕期间和怀孕后不久的农药代谢物水平。采集了16名玫瑰工人和10名非农业工人的妊娠早期尿液样本。我们测量了六种非特异性有机磷二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）农药代谢物，两种亚烷基双二硫代氨基甲酸酯农药代谢物（乙撑硫脲[ETU]和丙烯硫脲[PTU]），3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚[TCPy]，马拉硫磷二羧酸，和两种拟除虫菊酯代谢物（2，2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸和3-苯氧基苯甲酸）。我们收集了141份尿液样本（平均：每名妇女5.4份）。我们观察到五种DAP代谢物和ETU、PTU和TCPy的高检测频率。我们报告整个样本中ETU水平升高（中位数4.24 ng/mL，IQR 2.23，7.18），表明其他可能的非职业性暴露途径。我们发现，按目前的就业状况，农药水平没有统计学差异，尽管最高的农药水平是在玫瑰工人中。我们观察到女性内TCPy和PTU水平相关，但ETU或DAP水平不相关。本研究是第一个描述厄瓜多尔职业妇女产前农药接触水平的研究。局限性包括样本量小和使用方便样本。优势包括纵向设计和每个女性多个尿液样本。研究结果提供了产前农药暴露水平的初步特征，以及这些水平在受农业影响的社区中如何随怀孕而变化，并将为该地区的进一步研究提供信息。
Few studies have detailed the prenatal pesticide exposure levels of women employed in or residing near large-scale agricultural industries. This study reports pesticide metabolite levels during and shortly after pregnancy in a pilot study of workers in Ecuador. Urine samples were collected for 16 rose workers and 10 non-agricultural workers enrolled into the study in early pregnancy. We measured six nonspecific organophosphate dialkylphosphate (DAP) pesticide metabolites, two alkylenebis-dithiocarbamate pesticide metabolites (ethylene thiourea [ETU] and propylene thiourea [PTU]), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol [TCPy], malathion dicarboxylic acid, and two pyrethroid metabolites (2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 3-phenooxybenzoic acid). We collected 141 urine samples (mean: 5.4 per woman). We observed high detection frequencies for five DAP metabolites and ETU, PTU, and TCPy. We report elevated levels of ETU in the entire sample (median 4.24 ng/mL, IQR 2.23, 7.18), suggesting other possible non-occupational pathways of exposure. We found no statistical differences in pesticide levels by current employment status, though the highest pesticide levels were among rose workers. We observed within-woman correlation in TCPy and PTU levels, but not in ETU or DAP levels. The present study is the first to characterize prenatal pesticide exposure levels among working women in Ecuador. Limitations include a small sample size and use of a convenience sample. Strengths include a longitudinal design and multiple urine samples per woman. Results provide an initial characterization of prenatal pesticide exposure levels and how these levels vary over pregnancy in a community impacted by agricultural industry and will inform further studies in the region.