Food group intake patterns and nutrient intake vary across low-income Hispanic and African American preschool children in Atlanta: a cross sectional study.
Food group intake patterns and nutrient intake vary across low-income Hispanic and African American preschool children in Atlanta: a cross sectional study.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2891-11-62
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发表时间：
2012-08-29
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Cole CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salvo D;Frediani JK;Ziegler TR;Cole CR
低收入西班牙裔和非洲裔美国学龄前儿童的食物摄入模式没有很好的记录。本研究的目的是对低收入少数民族学龄前儿童进行食物组摄入分析，并评估宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量与膳食参考摄入量（DRI）的比较。采用横断面研究设计，通过膳食分析软件（研究营养数据库系统）分析三天的食物日记。儿童是从亚特兰大休斯斯波尔丁和北迪卡尔布格雷迪卫星诊所的亚特兰大儿童保健中心的健康儿童诊所招募的。低收入，非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔学龄前儿童（n = 291）入组。共有105人完成并交回了3天食物日记。卡方检验用于评估人口统计学变量。获得了特定食物组和亚组的每日摄入量的平均百分比（给定食物组的食用量/每日总食用量）。食物摄入量数据和符合宏量和微量营养素DRIs的儿童比例按种族/民族、营养状况和热量摄入进行分层，并使用t检验进行比较。回归模型控制年龄，体重指数和性别，以评估总热量摄入量的影响后，每个研究的食物组的摄入比例。非裔美国儿童的平均年龄为2.24 ± 1.07岁，西班牙裔儿童为2.84 ± 1.12岁。非裔美国人消耗的kcal/kg/天多于西班牙裔美国人（124.7 ± 51 vs. 96.9 ± 33，p < 0.05）。西班牙裔消费更多水果（22.0 ± 10.7%对14.7 ± 13.7%，p < 0.05），而非洲裔美国人消耗更多的谷物（25.7 ± 7.8% vs. 18.1 ± 6.4%，p < 0.05），肉类（20.7 ± 9.0%对15.4 ± 6.1%，p < 0.05），脂肪（9.8 ± 5.4% vs. 7.0 ± 5.8%，p < 0.05），甜饮料（58.7 ± 17.1%对41.3 ± 14.8%，p < 0.05）和低脂乳制品（39.5 ± 19.3%对28.9 ± 12.6%，p < 0.05）。在西班牙裔美国人中，水果、脂肪和谷物的摄入比例因总热量摄入而异，而非裔美国人的饮食模式则因总热量摄入而无差异。非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的营养素摄入量也有显著差异。低收入家庭儿童的食物摄入模式因种族而异。有必要进行更多的研究，以指导方案设计和针对这一人群的营养干预措施。
The food group intake patterns of low income Hispanic and African American preschool children are not well documented. The aim of this study was to perform a food group intake analysis of low income minority preschool children and evaluate how macronutrient and micronutrient intake compares to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). A cross sectional study design using three-day food diaries analyzed by dietary analysis software (Nutrient Database System for Research) was used. Children were recruited from well-child clinics at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta at Hughes Spalding and North Dekalb Grady Satellite Clinic, Atlanta, GA. Low-income, African American and Hispanic preschool age children (n = 291) were enrolled. A total of 105 completed and returned the 3-day food diaries. Chi-squared tests were used to assess demographic variables. The mean percentage of intake per day of specific food groups and sub-groups were obtained (servings of given food group/total daily servings). Food intake data and proportion of children meeting DRIs for macro- and micronutrients were stratified by race/ethnicity, nutritional status, and caloric intake, and were compared using t-tests. Regression models controlling for age, BMI and sex were obtained to assess the effect of total caloric intake upon the proportional intake of each studied food group. The mean age of African American children was 2.24 ± 1.07 years and Hispanic children 2.84 ± 1.12 years. African Americans consumed more kcal/kg/day than Hispanics (124.7 ± 51 vs. 96.9 ± 33, p < 0.05). Hispanics consumed more fruits (22.0 ± 10.7% vs. 14.7 ± 13.7%, p < 0.05), while African Americans consumed more grains (25.7 ± 7.8% vs. 18.1 ± 6.4%, p < 0.05), meats (20.7 ± 9.0% vs. 15.4 ± 6.1%, p < 0.05), fats (9.8 ± 5.4% vs. 7.0 ± 5.8%, p < 0.05), sweet drinks (58.7 ± 17.1% vs. 41.3 ± 14.8%, p < 0.05) and low-fat dairy products (39.5 ± 19.3% vs. 28.9 ± 12.6%, p < 0.05). Among Hispanics, the proportional intake of fruits, fats and grains varied by total caloric intake, while no difference by total caloric intake was found for the dietary patterns of African Americans. Micronutrient intake also differed significantly between African American and Hispanic children. Food group intake patterns among low-income children differ by ethnic group. There is a need for more research to guide program design and target nutritional interventions for this population.