The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations
The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations
复制标题
大规模宇宙学模拟中低质量星系中的黑洞数量
DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stac1659
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dubois, Yohan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haidar, Houda;Habouzit, Mélanie;Volonteri, Marta;Mezcua, Mar;Greene, Jenny;Neumayer, Nadine;Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel;Martin-Navarro, Ignacio;Hoyer, Nils;Dubois, Yohan
最近对局部矮小星系中的大质量黑洞(BHS)的系统搜索导致了一群微弱的活动星系核(AGN)的发现。我们研究了Illustris、TNG、Horizon-AGN、EAGLE和SIMBA模拟中的BH和AGN布居与当前在低质量星系中的观测约束的一致性。我们发现，其中一些模拟产生的BH太大，并且BH占据分数atz=0不是从模拟种子模拟中继承的。黑洞及其所在星系为活动星系核提供能量的能力取决于黑洞和星系亚格子模型。低质量星系中活动星系核的比例不用于校准模拟，因此可以用来区分星系形成模型。在模拟中，在固定星系恒星质量下，AgN分数在z=0时跨越两个数量级，类似于观测限制，但不确定性和简并影响观测和模拟。这一协议很难解释，因为模拟和观测到的黑洞的质量不同，黑洞的黑洞受到数值选择的影响，以及未知比例的模糊活动星系核。我们的工作主张与观测进行更彻底的比较，以改进宇宙模拟的建模，以及我们对低质量区域的黑洞和星系物理的理解。BHS的质量，它们有效地吸收气体的能力，以及低质量星系中的活动星系核比例，对于整个BH和星系人口随时间的积累具有重要的意义。
Recent systematic searches for massive black holes (BHs) in local dwarf galaxies led to the discovery of a population of faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We investigate the agreement of the BH and AGN populations in the Illustris, TNG, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations with current observational constraints in low-mass galaxies. We find that some of these simulations produce BHs that are too massive, and that the BH occupation fraction (OF) atz= 0 is not inherited from the simulation seeding modelling. The ability of BHs and their host galaxies to power an AGN depends on BH and galaxy subgrid modelling. The fraction of AGN in low-mass galaxies is not used to calibrate the simulations, and thus can be used to differentiate galaxy formation models. AGN fractions atz= 0 span two orders of magnitude at fixed galaxy stellar mass in simulations, similarly to observational constraints, but uncertainties and degeneracies affect both observations and simulations. The agreement is difficult to interpret due to differences in the masses of simulated and observed BHs, BH OF affected by numerical choices, and an unknown fraction of obscured AGN. Our work advocates for more thorough comparisons with observations to improve the modelling of cosmological simulations, and our understanding of BH and galaxy physics in the low-mass regime. The mass of BHs, their ability to efficiently accrete gas, and the AGN fraction in low-mass galaxies have important implications for the build-up of the entire BH and galaxy populations with time.