Negative priming in a spatial localization task: feature mismatching and distractor inhibition
Negative priming in a spatial localization task: feature mismatching and distractor inhibition
复制标题
空间定位任务中的负启动：特征不匹配和干扰抑制
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.20.3.624
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Weaver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Milliken;S. Tipper;B. Weaver
最近在需要空间定位的任务中证明了负启动（S. P. Tipper, J. C. Brehaut, & J. Driver, 1990），支持了干扰因素在选择过程中被主动抑制的观点。然而，此后有人认为这种效应是由单个位置出现不匹配的身份引起的（J. Park & N. Kanwisher，1994）。目前的研究表明，当被忽略的干扰物和后续目标相同时，空间定位任务中可能会发生负启动。然而，特征不匹配也会导致负面启动。有人认为，与单独的任何一个过程相比，干扰抑制和对先前呈现项目的隐式检索一起提供了对有效顺序选择行为的更好解释。想象一下调酒师正在清理桌子上的玻璃杯。这种看似简单的知觉-运动相互作用可以分解为两个复杂的处理阶段。第一阶段包括手以相同的运动路径向一个玻璃杯等移动，因此提供了相互冲突的运动反应（参见 Tipper、Lortie 和 Baylis，1992）。第二阶段包括完成第一块玻璃的动作后的后续运动行为。第二阶段的处理是本文的重点。然而，要完全理解如何针对最近的知觉-运动交互中被忽略的物体采取行动，首先要了解最初忽略该物体的处理后果。人们提出了两种机制来解释当场景中存在分散注意力的物体时如何选择性地针对一个物体采取行动。大多数早期的选择性注意模型提出，所关注对象的内部表征接受的分析超出了初始感知处理的范围。这种额外的激发水平被认为足以将目标与干扰物分开（Broadbent，1958，1982；Van der Heijden，1981）。最近，有人提出抑制机制在分离中起到与激发作用互补的作用。
Negative priming has recently been demonstrated in tasks requiring spatial localization (S. P. Tipper, J. C. Brehaut, & J. Driver, 1990), supporting the notion that distractors are actively inhibited during selection. However, it has since been argued that this effect is caused by the appearance of mismatching identities at a single location (J. Park & N. Kanwisher, 1994). The present studies show that negative priming in a spatial localization task can occur when the ignored distractor and subsequent target are identical. However, feature mismatches can also lead to negative priming. The argument is made that distractor inhibition and implicit retrieval of previously presented items together provide a better account of efficient sequential selective behavior than does either process alone. Consider a bartender clearing glasses from a table. This apparently simple perceptual-motor interaction can be broken down into two complex stages of processing. The first stage encompasses the movement of the hand toward one glass among others in the same path of motion, and thus affords conflicting motor responses (see Tipper, Lortie, & Baylis, 1992). The second stage encompasses subsequent motor behavior after action toward the first glass has been completed. This second stage of processing is the focus of the present article. However, a complete understanding of how action is directed toward an object that was ignored in a recent perceptual-motor interaction begins with an understanding of the processing consequences of originally ignoring that object. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain how action can be selectively directed toward one object when there are distracting objects in the scene. Most early models of selective attention proposed that internal representations of the attended object receive analysis beyond that of initial perceptual processing. This extra level of excitation was considered sufficient to separate the target from distractor (Broadbent, 1958, 1982; Van der Heijden, 1981). More recently, inhibitory mechanisms have been proposed to play a role complementary to that of excitation in separating
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.18.4.891
发表时间：
1992-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
TIPPER, SP;LORTIE, C;BAYLIS, GC
通讯作者：
BAYLIS, GC