Estimating the Size of Historical Oregon Salmon Runs
Estimating the Size of Historical Oregon Salmon Runs
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估计俄勒冈州历史上鲑鱼洄游的规模
DOI：
10.1080/10641260590921509
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robert T. Lackey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chad C. Meengs;Robert T. Lackey
摘要增加俄勒冈州河流和溪流中鲑鱼的数量是一个高度优先的公共政策目标。鲑鱼的数量已经从开发前的条件（通常定义为1850年之前）减少，但不清楚减少了多少。相当多的公共和私人资源已投入恢复鲑鱼运行，但目前还不确定的恢复潜力是什么，因为大部分的淡水和河口鲑鱼栖息地已被改变，并没有期望，它将恢复到开发前的条件。所有鲑鱼恢复工作的目标都是基于对栖息地发生重大改变之前的运行规模的假设，再加上对目前可用的淡水和河口栖息地的数量和质量的估计。我们使用两种方法估计了俄勒冈州沿岸沿着（不包括哥伦比亚河）的历史总鲑鱼流量：（1）将估计的土著人口水平转换为鲑鱼数量;（2）将罐头厂包装外推为鲑鱼数量。据估计，所有鲑鱼物种的年度原住民收获量约为每年1000万磅（450万公斤）或175 - 536万条鲑鱼，这一收获水平与19世纪末和19世纪初俄勒冈州沿海河流商业捕鱼高峰时期的收获水平相似。外推罐头厂包装数据，19世纪末的银鲑（Oncorhynchus kisutch）的总规模估计为150万至250万。奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）的总规模估计为290，000 - 517，000。与我们对19世纪中期银鲑水平的估计相比，2000年初（在有利的海洋条件下），是历史水平的11-19%。在恶劣的海洋条件下（20世纪90年代），目前的银鲑流量是历史规模的3-6%。
Abstract Increasing the abundance of salmon in Oregon's rivers and streams is a high-priority, public policy objective. Salmon runs have been reduced from predevelopment conditions (typically defined as prior to 1850), but it is unclear by how much. Considerable public and private resources have been devoted to restoring salmon runs, but it is uncertain what the current recovery potential is because much of the freshwater and estuarine habitat for salmon has been altered and there is no expectation that it will be returned to a predevelopment condition. The goals of all salmon recovery efforts are based on assumptions about the size of the runs prior to significant habitat alteration, coupled with an estimate of the amount and quality of freshwater and estuarine habitat currently available. We estimated the historical aggregate salmon run size in rivers along the Oregon coast (excluding the Columbia River) using two methods: (1) converting estimated aboriginal population levels into numbers of salmon; (2) extrapolating cannery pack into numbers of salmon. Annual aboriginal harvest of all salmon species is estimated to have been approximately 10 million pounds per year (4,500,000 kg) or 1.75–5.36 million salmon, a harvest level similar to that occurring during the height of commercial fishing on Oregon's coastal rivers in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Extrapolating cannery pack data, the estimated size of the late 1800s aggregate runs of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was 1.5–2.5 million. The estimated size of aggregate runs of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) runs was 290,000–517,000. Compared to our estimates of mid-1800s coho salmon levels, early 2000 runs (during favorable ocean conditions), were 11–19% of the historical level. During poor ocean conditions (1990s), current coho salmon runs were 3–6% of the historical size.