Intra- and inter-individual variability of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in Hmong women of reproductive age.
Intra- and inter-individual variability of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in Hmong women of reproductive age.
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2009.4
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
4.5
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尿邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物浓度的再现性在育龄未怀孕妇女中尚未得到很好的表征。我们的主要研究目标是描述尿邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物浓度在育龄苗族妇女人群中的分布，并评估邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物浓度的个体内和个体间变异性。研究人员从威斯康星州绿湾福克斯河环境与饮食研究队列的45名妇女及其20名配偶的第一天早晨尿液样本中测量了10种邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物。在大约一个月的时间里，从25名妇女中反复收集和分析了第一天早上的尿液样本，她们提供了多达三份样本。使用类内相关性（ICCs）和替代类别分析评估测量变异性。线性混合模型用于评估参与者特征与邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度之间的关系。10种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物中有9种在所有分析样品中检测到，其中7种在所有样品中检测到。作为可靠性测量，icc对邻苯二甲酸一苯酯最强（0.64），对邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）代谢物最弱（范围从0.13到0.22）。类似地，替代类别分析表明，单个尿液样本在除DEHP代谢物外的所有代谢物的低、中、高三分位数上具有合理的准确性，可以表征平均一个月的暴露情况。邻苯二甲酸一乙酯的几何平均浓度随着年龄的增长而增加，但在调整尿液稀释度后，未观察到受教育程度、收入、体重指数、环境烟草烟雾或季节影响的模式。我们的研究结果表明，本研究中评估的参与者特征对邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的个体间变异性影响有限。关于个体内部变异性，我们的结果表明，一些邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物的尿液浓度随着时间的推移更具可重复性，并且比其他（例如DEHP的代谢物）更少受到暴露错误分类的影响。
The reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations has not been well characterized in nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Our primary study objectives were to describe the distribution of urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations among a population of Hmong women of reproductive age, and to evaluate intra- and inter-individual variability of phthalate metabolite concentrations. Ten phthalate metabolites were measured in first morning urine samples collected from 45 women and 20 of their spouses who were members of the Fox River Environment and Diet Study cohort in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Repeated first morning urine samples were collected and analyzed from 25 women who provided up to three samples over approximately one month. Measurement variability was assessed using intraclass correlations (ICCs) and surrogate category analysis. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the associations between participant characteristics and phthalate metabolite concentrations. Nine of the 10 phthalate metabolites were detected in > 80% of all samples analyzed, of which seven were detected in all samples. As a measure of reliability, ICCs were strongest for monobenzyl phthalate (0.64) and weakest for the metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (ranging from 0.13 to 0.22). Similarly, surrogate category analysis suggested that a single urine sample characterized average one-month exposure with reasonable accuracy across low, medium and high tertiles for all metabolites except the DEHP metabolites. Geometric mean concentrations of monoethyl phthalate increased with age, but patterns by education, income, body mass index, environmental tobacco smoke or season were not observed when measures were adjusted for urinary dilution. Our results suggest that the participant characteristics assessed in this study have limited influence on inter-individual variability of phthalate metabolite concentrations. With regard to intra-individual variability, our results suggest that urinary concentrations of some phthalate metabolites are more reproducible over time and less subject to exposure misclassification than others (e.g., metabolites of DEHP).