Synaptic organization of the Drosophila antennal lobe and its regulation by the Teneurins.
Synaptic organization of the Drosophila antennal lobe and its regulation by the Teneurins.
复制标题
果蝇触角叶的突触组织及其由 Teneurins 的调节。
作者：
Mosca TJ;Luo L
要了解通过神经元回路的信息流，需要了解它们的突触组织。在这项研究中，我们使用突触前和突触后的荧光标记来定位第一嗅觉处理中心果蝇触角叶的突触组织。嗅觉感受器神经元(ON)在不同的肾小球产生恒定的突触密度。一个类内的每个ORN贡献几乎相同的活动区号。来自肾小球、投射神经元和局部中间神经元的活动区有不同的肾小球和亚细胞分布。正确数量的ORN活动区和PN乙酰胆碱受体簇需要Teneurins，参与神经肌肉突触组织和突触伙伴匹配的保守跨膜蛋白。Ten-a作用于Orns，通过血影蛋白细胞骨架来组织突触前活动区。Ten-m在三叉神经核自主调节乙酰胆碱受体簇数，跨突触调节ORN活动区数目。这些研究提高了我们评估复杂中枢神经系统回路中的突触结构及其潜在分子机制的能力。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03726.001正如科学的进步依赖于研究人员将他们的发现传达给他们所在领域的其他人一样，我们的身体依赖于神经元能够与其他神经元进行交流。这就是所谓的突触结构的用武之地：突触允许信号从一个神经元传递到另一个神经元。神经元和突触通过在大脑中形成回路来处理信息，但对于突触是如何发展的，或者它们是如何在回路中组织的，人们知之甚少。莫斯卡和罗现在研究了果蝇(果蝇)的神经回路，该回路接收关于环境中气味的感觉信息，然后将这些信息转换为大脑其他部分可以理解的信号。这个特殊的回路此前被认为是大脑如何处理信息的良好模型。莫斯卡和罗发现，这个回路中的突触是按照特定的规则组织起来的，这些规则决定了突触在回路中不同点的数量和位置等因素。此外，研究还发现，突触的成功发育需要一个名为Teneurins的蛋白质家族中的两个成员的参与：这个蛋白质家族参与了各种神经发育过程。Teneurins被认为与双相情感障碍有关，而功能障碍的突触被认为与其他一些精神健康疾病有关，因此Mosca和Luo的结果可能有助于更好地了解这些疾病。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03726.002
Understanding information flow through neuronal circuits requires knowledge of their synaptic organization. In this study, we utilized fluorescent pre- and postsynaptic markers to map synaptic organization in the Drosophila antennal lobe, the first olfactory processing center. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) produce a constant synaptic density across different glomeruli. Each ORN within a class contributes nearly identical active zone number. Active zones from ORNs, projection neurons (PNs), and local interneurons have distinct subglomerular and subcellular distributions. The correct number of ORN active zones and PN acetylcholine receptor clusters requires the Teneurins, conserved transmembrane proteins involved in neuromuscular synapse organization and synaptic partner matching. Ten-a acts in ORNs to organize presynaptic active zones via the spectrin cytoskeleton. Ten-m acts in PNs autonomously to regulate acetylcholine receptor cluster number and transsynaptically to regulate ORN active zone number. These studies advanced our ability to assess synaptic architecture in complex CNS circuits and their underlying molecular mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03726.001 Just as progress in science relies on researchers communicating their findings to other people working in their field, our bodies rely on neurons being able to communicate with other neurons. This is where structures called synapses come in: synapses allow signals to be passed from one neuron to another. Neurons and synapses process information by forming circuits in the brain, but relatively little is known about how synapses develop or how they are organized within circuits. Mosca and Luo have now examined a neural circuit in the fruit fly (Drosophila) that receives sensory information about smells in the environment, and then converts this information to signals which can be understood by other parts of the brain. This particular circuit has previously been identified as a good model of how the brain processes information. Mosca and Luo found that the synapses in this circuit were organized according to specific ‘rules’ that determined factors such as the quantity and location of synapses at different points in the circuit. Additionally, it was found that the successful development of synapses required the involvement of two members of a family of proteins called the Teneurins: this family of proteins is involved in a variety of neurodevelopmental processes. Teneurins have been implicated in bipolar disorder, and malfunctioning synapses are thought to be associated with a number of other mental health conditions, so the results of Mosca and Luo could lead to a better understanding of these conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03726.002