Cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region
Cumulative human impacts in the Bering Strait Region
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DOI：
10.1080/20964129.2017.1379888
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Halpern, Benjamin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Afflerbach, Jamie C.;Yocum, Dan;Halpern, Benjamin S.
简介：随着海冰的缩小和海洋资源利用的扩大，人类对北极海洋生态系统的影响在范围和强度上都在增加。整个北极地区都感受到了气候变化的影响，而随着北极变得更加容易进入，商业捕鱼和航运等压力因素继续增长。鉴于这些新出现的变化，有必要评估人类活动目前的累积影响，以更好地预测和管理不断变化的北极。人类累积影响评估已在世界各地广泛应用于各种生态系统类型，但尚未纳入单个压力源的时间动态。这样的动态是根本的北极ecosystems.Outcomes：在这里，我们提出了第一个CHI评估北极生态系统，将海冰作为一个栖息地和评估影响的季节性，使用白令海峡地区（BSR）作为案例研究。我们发现，累积影响随季节而异，冬季影响较低，夏季影响较高。与平均年度累积影响图相比，BSR的大部分在每个季节内具有显著不同的影响。累积影响也有很大的空间变异性，与俄罗斯沃茨之间的2.38和3.63倍的影响，美国沃茨。结论：这种评估的季节性和空间累积影响提供了一个了解目前的现实，在BSR和可用于支持开发和评估未来的管理方案，解决气候变化的预期影响，并在北极日益增加的兴趣。
Introduction: Human impacts on Arctic marine ecosystems are increasing in extent and intensity as sea ice shrinks and utilization of marine resources expands. The effects of climate change are being felt across the arctic while stressors such as commercial fishing and shipping continue to grow as the Arctic becomes more accessible. Given these emerging changes, there is need for an assessment of the current cumulative impact of human activities to better anticipate and manage for a changing Arctic. Cumulative human impacts (CHI) assessments have been widely applied around the world in a variety of ecosystem types but have yet to incorporate temporal dynamics of individual stressors. Such dynamics are fundamental to Arctic ecosystems.Outcomes: Here, we present the first CHI assessment of an Arctic ecosystem to incorporate sea ice as a habitat and assess impact seasonality, using the Bering Strait Region (BSR) as a case study. We find that cumulative impacts differ seasonally, with lower impacts in winter and higher impacts in summer months. Large portions of the BSR have significantly different impacts within each season when compared to a mean annual cumulative impact map. Cumulative impacts also have great spatial variability, with Russian waters between 2.38 and 3.63 times as impacted as US waters.Conclusion: This assessment of seasonal and spatial cumulative impacts provides an understanding of the current reality in the BSR and can be used to support development and evaluation of future management scenarios that address expected impacts from climate change and increasing interest in the Arctic.