Controlling land they call their own: access and women's empowerment in Northern Tanzania
Controlling land they call their own: access and women's empowerment in Northern Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1080/03066150.2015.1130701
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Little, Jani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goldman, Mara J.;Davis, Alicia;Little, Jani
正式的土地权经常被宣传为赋予妇女权力的重要组成部分，特别是在全球南方国家。我们考察了两个致力于坦桑尼亚北部马赛社区土地权利和赋权的基层非政府组织（ngo）。参与这两个非政府组织的妇女证明了土地所有权对个人赋权和两性关系转变的力量。然而，很少有人获得土地所有权。根据Ribot和Peluso的获取理论，我们认为，除了土地所有权之外，获取——土地、知识、社会关系和政治进程——还能赋予这些妇女权力，并有助于将土地保留在社区内。我们说明了以下几点是赋权过程和保护社区和妇女土地的关键：(1)获得关于法律权利的知识，例如拥有土地的权利；(2)获得惯常形式的权威；(3)获得共同的社会身份——作为妇女、土著人和马赛人。通过这种共同的身份和获得知识和权威的机会，妇女正在加强她们与社会关系（在她们之间，与强大的政治参与者和非政府组织）的联系，并通过保护土地权利的集体行动获得力量。
Formal rights to land are often promoted as an essential part of empowering women, particularly in the Global South. We look at two grassroots non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working on land rights and empowerment with Maasai communities in Northern Tanzania. Women involved with both NGOS attest to the power of land ownership for personal empowerment and transformations in gender relations. Yet very few have obtained land ownership titles. Drawing from Ribot and Peluso's theory of access, we argue that more than ownership rights to land, access - to land, knowledge, social relations and political processes - is leading to empowerment for these women, as well as helping to keep land within communities. We illustrate how the following are key to both empowerment processes and protecting community and women's land: (1) access to knowledge about legal rights, such as the right to own land; (2) access to customary forms of authority; and (3) access to a joint social identity - as women, as indigenous people' and as Maasai'. Through this shared identity and access to knowledge and authority, women are strengthening their access to social relations (amongst themselves, with powerful political players and NGOs), and gaining strength through collective action to protect land rights.