Use of impact fees to incentivize low-impact development and promote compact growth.
Use of impact fees to incentivize low-impact development and promote compact growth.
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DOI：
10.1021/es304924w
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Zhongming Lu;D. Noonan;J. Crittenden;Hyun-Cheol Jeong;Dali Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhongming Lu;D. Noonan;J. Crittenden;Hyun-Cheol Jeong;Dali Wang
低影响开发（LID）是一种创新的雨水管理战略，旨在恢复开发前的水文，以防止土地开发造成的雨水径流增加。将LID整合到住宅小区中，并通过建造更紧凑的生活空间来增加人口密度（例如，通过减少雨水径流、节省基础设施成本、增加经济适用房数量和支持公共交通，公寓住宅（包括公寓住宅）可以使城市更具可持续性。我们开发了一个基于代理的模型（ABM），描述了几个决策者之间的相互作用（即，地方政府、开发商和购房者）和财政驱动因素（例如，财产税、影响费）。该模型模拟了9平方英里格林菲尔德土地的开发。一个更可持续的发展（MSD）方案引入了一个影响费，如果开发商选择不使用LID来建造房屋或公寓，他们必须支付。模型模拟显示，在MSD或“一切照旧”（BAU）的情况下，经过30年的开发，房主选择公寓住宅的比例分别为60%或35%。公寓住宅的增加是由于使用LID的成本较低以及公寓住宅相对于单户住宅的生活质量提高。MSD方案产生更多的税收和水资源节约比BAU。一个时间依赖的全球敏感性分析量化了社会经济变量对公寓住宅采用率的重要性。最具影响力的因素是单户住宅和公寓住宅的年工资率（或资本回收率）。ABM可以被城市管理者和政策制定者用于根据当地条件进行情景探索，以评估影响费和其他政策在促进LID和紧凑增长方面的有效性。
Low-impact development (LID) is an innovative stormwater management strategy that restores the predevelopment hydrology to prevent increased stormwater runoff from land development. Integrating LID into residential subdivisions and increasing population density by building more compact living spaces (e.g., apartment homes) can result in a more sustainable city by reducing stormwater runoff, saving infrastructural cost, increasing the number of affordable homes, and supporting public transportation. We develop an agent-based model (ABM) that describes the interactions between several decision-makers (i.e., local government, a developer, and homebuyers) and fiscal drivers (e.g., property taxes, impact fees). The model simulates the development of nine square miles of greenfield land. A more sustainable development (MSD) scenario introduces an impact fee that developers must pay if they choose not to use LID to build houses or apartment homes. Model simulations show homeowners selecting apartment homes 60% or 35% of the time after 30 years of development in MSD or business as usual (BAU) scenarios, respectively. The increased adoption of apartment homes results from the lower cost of using LID and improved quality of life for apartment homes relative to single-family homes. The MSD scenario generates more tax revenue and water savings than does BAU. A time-dependent global sensitivity analysis quantifies the importance of socioeconomic variables on the adoption rate of apartment homes. The top influential factors are the annual pay rates (or capital recovery factor) for single-family houses and apartment homes. The ABM can be used by city managers and policymakers for scenario exploration in accordance with local conditions to evaluate the effectiveness of impact fees and other policies in promoting LID and compact growth.