Informal Emptying Business in Mandalay: Its Reasons and Financial Impacts
Informal Emptying Business in Mandalay: Its Reasons and Financial Impacts
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-019-01228-w
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hmwe, Chaw Su Su
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naing, Wutyi;Harada, Hidenori;Hmwe, Chaw Su Su
全球有 28 亿人使用现场卫生设施，这些设施需要定期清空积累的粪便污泥。非正规排空企业的非法倾倒现象是环境管理面临的主要挑战之一，这一现象已被广泛观察到。以缅甸曼德勒为例，本研究旨在确定选择非正规清空企业的原因，并估计正规清空服务提供商 (FP) 由于非正规企业而造成的收入损失。我们采访了 400 户家庭，了解他们对清空服务的认知和体验以及为改善服务付费的意愿。通过比较当前和理论最大收入来估计收入损失。结果显示，91.0%的家庭只认可FP。在134户有过清空经历的家庭中，选择合法接触的FP、非法接触的FP和非正规服务商的比例分别为32.8%、59.7%和4.5%。非法接触的FP收取的服务费并未成为FP的收入；这是该市一项主要的非正式清空业务。与以往的研究不同的是，该地区主要的非法倾倒行为是由FP完成的。据估计，由于非正规业务，FP损失了理论上最大收入的76.5%，造成了巨大的财务损失。逻辑回归分析表明，人们有意通过非法接触来缩短等待时间，甚至支付更高的费用。由于粪便污泥堆积过多后通常需要立即进行清空服务，因此较短的等待时间和更快的联系方式是选择非正式业务的原因。减少官僚主义和对客户更加友好的系统可以减少收入损失、收取更多费用并增加利润。
Globally, 2.8 billion people use on-site sanitation facilities, which need regular emptying of accumulated fecal sludge. Illegal dumping from informal emptying businesses, one of the major challenges in environmental management, is widely observed. Considering Mandalay, Myanmar, this study aimed to determine why informal emptying businesses are selected and estimate the lost revenue for a formal emptying service provider (FP) due to the informal businesses. We interviewed 400 households on their recognition and experiences regarding emptying services and willingness-to-pay for improved service. Revenue loss was estimated by comparing the present and theoretical maximum revenues. Results showed that 91.0% of households recognized FP only. Among 134 emptying-experienced households, 32.8%, 59.7%, and 4.5% chose FP with legal contact, FP with illegal contact, and informal service providers, respectively. The service fees from FP with illegal contact did not become revenue for FP; this was a major informal emptying business in the city. Differently from previous studies, the major illegal dumping was done by FP in this area. A great financial loss was estimated that FP lost 76.5% of the theoretical maximum revenue due to informal business. Logistic regression analysis indicated people's intention to shorten the waiting time through illegal contact, even by paying a higher fee. As emptying services are typically required immediately after fecal sludge is over-accumulated, shorter waiting times and faster contact methods were the reasons why the informal business was selected. Less bureaucratic and more customer friendly system could reduce revenue loss, charge more, and increase profits.