Changes in soil quality following humping/hollowing and flipping of pakihi soils on the West Coast, South Island New Zealand
Changes in soil quality following humping/hollowing and flipping of pakihi soils on the West Coast, South Island New Zealand
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新西兰南岛西海岸 Pakihi 土壤隆起/凹陷和翻转后土壤质量的变化
DOI：
10.33584/jnzg.2007.69.2666
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
V. Rietveld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Thomas;M. Ford;V. Rietveld
驼峰/挖空和翻转是在西海岸广泛使用的土地开发做法，以克服对牧草生产的水涝限制。然而，关于由此产生的“新”土壤如何发挥作用以及在这些极端修改之后其性质如何随时间变化的信息非常有限。我们假设，土壤质量将改善响应有机质输入从植物和排泄物，这反过来又会增加养分的可用性。我们通过量化改良后不同发育阶段土壤有机质和养分含量来验证这一假设。我们观察到土壤质量的改善，随着时间的推移，土壤改良下的土地开发实践。翻转后，土壤总C和N值非常低，但在8年内，这些值增加了近5倍。有机质质量的其他指标，如热水可提取的C（HWC）和厌氧可矿化的N（AMN）显示出类似的增加。随着第一年对翻转土壤大量施用过磷酸钙肥料和定期施用维持肥料，Olsen P水平也从<10 μg/g的值增加到约7年后的目标范围内（20-30 μg/g）。驼峰和凹陷的反应不同的修改后。在8年的发展过程中，驼峰上的土壤总C和N，HWC和AMN水平的增加与翻转土壤相似，而在空心土壤质量的变化要慢得多。这对养分的可利用性和损失具有重要意义。随着土壤的发育，应调整肥料和污水的施用，以优化生产，同时最大限度地减少养分损失。
Humping/hollowing and flipping are land development practices widely used on the West Coast to overcome waterlogging constraints to pasture production. However, there is very limited information about how the resulting “new” soils function and how their properties change over time following these extreme modifications. We hypothesised that soil quality will improve in response to organic matter inputs from plants and excreta, which will in turn increase nutrient availability. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the soil organic matter and nutrient content of soils at different stages of development after modification. We observed improvements in soil quality with increasing time following soil modification under both land development practices. Total soil C and N values were very low following flipping, but over 8 years these values had increased nearly five-fold. Other indicators of organic matter quality such as hot water extractable C (HWC) and anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN) showed similar increases. With large capital applications of superphosphate fertiliser to flipped soils in the first year and regular applications of maintenance fertiliser, Olsen P levels also increased from values <10 μg/g to values well within the target range (20-30 μg/g) after about 7 years. Humps and hollows responded differently following modification. The increases in total soil C and N, HWC and AMN levels on humps were similar to those of flipped soils over 8 years of development, whereas soil quality changes in the hollows were much slower. This has important implications for nutrient availability and losses. As soils develop, fertiliser and effluent applications should be adjusted to optimise production while minimising nutrient losses.