Perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress: does social support matter?
Perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress: does social support matter?
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DOI：
10.1080/13557858.2010.484050
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Ismail, Amid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ajrouch, Kristine J.;Reisine, Susan;Ismail, Amid
目标。我们调查了生活在低收入社区、有幼儿（6 岁以下）的城市非裔美国妇女所感受到的日常歧视与心理困扰之间的关联。具体来说，我们研究了工具性和情感性社会支持是否可以调节感知到的日常歧视与心理困扰之间的关联。设计。数据来自底特律牙科健康项目，这是一个代表底特律市低收入非裔美国儿童的两阶段区域概率样本。该分析重点关注 969 名幼儿女性看护者。我们进行了一系列层次回归分析，以检验社会支持在感知到的日常歧视和心理困扰之间的联系中的作用，并对复杂的样本设计进行了适当的调整。结果。在控制了年龄、教育程度、收入和自评健康状况后，中度和高频率的歧视都与较高程度的心理困扰相关。情感支持具有主要作用，因此情感支持的可用性与较少的心理困扰相关。工具性支持发挥了缓冲作用，减轻了中等程度的感知歧视对心理困扰的负面影响。结论。研究结果表明，工具性社会支持可以在一定程度上保护人们免受日常压力。然而，社会支持并不能抵消日常歧视的频繁认知所造成的严重压力的影响。
Objectives. We investigate the association between perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress among urban African-American women with young children (under 6 years) living in low-income neighborhoods. Specifically, we examine whether instrumental and emotional social support moderates the association between perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress. Design. The data come from the Detroit Dental Health Project, a two-stage area probability sample representative of low-income African-American children in the city of Detroit. The analysis focuses on 969 female caregivers of young children. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to examine the role of social support in the link between perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress, with appropriate adjustments for the complex sample design. Results. Both moderate and high frequency levels of discrimination were associated with higher levels of psychological distress after controlling for age, education, income, and self-rated health. There was a main effect of emotional support so that availability of emotional support was associated with less psychological distress. Instrumental support exerted a buffering effect to mitigate the negative influence of moderate levels of perceived discrimination on psychological distress. Conclusion. Findings suggest that instrumental social support provides some protection from everyday stress. Social support, however, does not offset the impact of acute stress caused by frequent perceptions of everyday discrimination.