Morphogenesis of blood vessels in the head muscles of avian embryo: spatial, temporal, and VEGF expression analyses.
Morphogenesis of blood vessels in the head muscles of avian embryo: spatial, temporal, and VEGF expression analyses.
复制标题
禽胚胎头部肌肉血管的形态发生：空间、时间和 VEGF 表达分析。
DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.10322
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Noden,Drew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruberte,Jesus;Carretero,Ana;Navarro,Marc;Marcucio,RalphS;Noden,Drew
成人骨骼肌是高度血管化的组织，但肌内内皮网络的发育尚未得到充分研究。在鹌鹑胚胎中，存在 QH1 阳性成血管细胞，并在初级肌管形成开始之前在整个生肌头中胚层中移动。在孵化的第5天，与早期肌管形成和聚集同时，成血管细胞在肌源性凝结周围建立短暂的血管丛。在第 5 天和第 9 天之间，肌内血管形成不规则的内皮索网络和开放的通道，直到后来才形成成人肌肉特征的平行毛细血管阵列。使用印度墨汁、QH1 和 Mercox 树脂进行的显微注射显示，这些肌内毛细血管通常直到第 10 天才与头部的全身血管相连，此时接近初级肌生成的末期，对应于肌肉功能的开始。在初级肌生成阶段进行的形态测量分析显示，第 5 天至第 9 天期间，肌细胞密度下降，但肌内血管密度没有显着变化。这一发现令人惊讶，因为通常认为肌肉生长需要升高的氧气和营养水平。此外，胚胎快肌和慢肌的血管供应不存在显着的形态差异。慢肌（动眼肌，例如外直肌）、快肌（下颌降肌）和混合肌的内皮组织密度相似，其中纤维类型可以散布（下颌内收肌）或分离（肱下颌肌）。第 7 天和第 9 天时，血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 蛋白在肌管中丰富，但在快头肌和慢头肌内的内皮细胞中不丰富。然而，在一些混合肌肉中，只有少数不对应于一种特定纤维类型的肌管表达 VEGF。这些结果记录了禽类头部肌肉发生过程中的一组动态的肌内和肌周血管生成重组。迄今为止，尽管 VEGF 表达的肌肉异质性很明显，但尚未观察到快肌和慢肌之间的血管生成差异。发展动力学 227:470–483, 2003。© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult skeletal muscle is a highly vascularized tissue, but the development of intramuscular endothelial networks has not been well studied. In quail embryos, QH1‐positive angioblasts are present and moving throughout myogenic head mesoderm before the onset of primary myotube formation. On day 5 of incubation, concurrent with early myotube formation and aggregation, angioblasts establish a transient vascular plexus surrounding the myogenic condensations. Between days 5 and 9, the intramuscular vessels form an irregular network of endothelial cords and patent channels and only later are the parallel arrays of capillaries characteristic of adult muscles established. Microinjections using India ink, QH1, and Mercox resin reveal that these intramuscular capillaries are typically not connected to systemic vessels of the head until day 10, which is near the end of primary myogenesis and corresponds to the onset of muscular function. Morphometric analyses performed during primary myogenesis stages show a decrease in muscle cell density but no significant changes in intramuscular vascular density between days 5 and 9. This finding was surprising, as it is generally assumed that muscle growth requires elevated oxygen and nutrient levels. Moreover, there are no significant morphometric differences in vascular supply to embryonic fast and slow muscles. Endothelial tissue density is similar in slow muscles (oculorotatory, e.g., lateral rectus), fast muscles (mandibular depressor), and mixed muscles, in which the fiber types can be interspersed (jaw adductors) or segregated (branchiomandibular). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein is abundant in myotubes but not endothelial cells within both fast and slow head muscles at days 7 and 9. However, in some mixed muscles, only a minority of myotubes, which do not correspond to one specific fiber type, express VEGF. These results document a dynamic set of intramuscular and perimuscular angiogenic reorganizations during avian head myogenesis. Thus far, no vasculogenic distinctions between fast and slow muscles have been observed, although muscle heterogeneity in VEGF expression is evident. Developmental Dynamics 227:470–483, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.