Patterns of Vertebrate Diversity and Protection in Brazil
Patterns of Vertebrate Diversity and Protection in Brazil
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0145064
复制
发表时间：
2015-12-17
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Vale, Mariana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jenkins, Clinton N.;Alves, Maria Alice S.;Vale, Mariana M.
大多数保护决策都是在国家或更精细的空间尺度上做出的。在这样的决策尺度上提供有用的信息对于指导养护实践至关重要。巴西是世界上最具多样性的国家之一，因此，关于该国保护的决定对全球生物多样性的生存有着不成比例的影响。对于三组陆生脊椎动物(鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物)，我们研究了巴西多样性和保护的地理模式，包括特有、小范围和受威胁物种的地理模式。为了了解数据的潜在局限性，我们还探索了收集地点的空间偏见如何影响多样性的感知模式。总体物种丰富度最高的是亚马逊和大西洋森林，而大西洋森林在乡村特有物种和小范围物种方面占主导地位。全球受威胁的物种并不呈现一致的模式。鸟类的模式与总体物种丰富度相似，受威胁物种在大西洋森林中的密度较高，而哺乳动物在全国范围内表现出更普遍的模式，在亚马逊地区高度集中。很少有两栖动物被列为濒危物种，主要是在大西洋森林。数据缺乏的哺乳动物在全国各地都有，集中在亚马逊和东南大西洋森林，巴西没有数据缺乏的鸟类。相比之下，近三分之一的两栖动物数据不足，分布在全国各地，但集中在遥远的东南部。然而，物种位置数据中的空间偏差可能会影响生物多样性的感知模式。采样密度低的地区需要更多的生物学研究，许多缺乏数据的物种也是如此。除了亚马逊之外，所有的生物群落都不到其面积的3%受到全面保护。但令人放心的是，保护率确实与更高的生物多样性相关，包括更高水平的受威胁和小范围物种。我们的结果表明，巴西需要扩大正式保护，特别是在大西洋森林，并强调充分保护的地区。
Most conservation decisions take place at national or finer spatial scales. Providing useful information at such decision-making scales is essential for guiding the practice of conservation. Brazil is one of the world's megadiverse countries, and consequently decisions about conservation in the country have a disproportionate impact on the survival of global biodiversity. For three groups of terrestrial vertebrates (birds, mammals, and amphibians), we examined geographic patterns of diversity and protection in Brazil, including that of endemic, small-ranged, and threatened species. To understand potential limitations of the data, we also explored how spatial bias in collection localities may influence the perceived patterns of diversity. The highest overall species richness is in the Amazon and Atlantic Forests, while the Atlantic Forest dominates in terms of country endemics and small-ranged species. Globally threatened species do not present a consistent pattern. Patterns for birds were similar to overall species richness, with higher concentrations of threatened species in the Atlantic Forest, while mammals show a more generalized pattern across the country and a high concentration in the Amazon. Few amphibians are listed as threatened, mostly in the Atlantic Forest. Data deficient mammals occur across the country, concentrating in the Amazon and southeast Atlantic Forest, and there are no data deficient birds in Brazil. In contrast, nearly a third of amphibians are data deficient, widespread across the country, but with a high concentration in the far southeast. Spatial biases in species locality data, however, possibly influence the perceived patterns of biodiversity. Regions with low sampling density need more biological studies, as do the many data deficient species. All biomes except the Amazon have less than 3% of their area under full protection. Reassuringly though, rates of protection do correlate with higher biodiversity, including higher levels of threatened and small-ranged species. Our results indicate a need for expanded formal protection in Brazil, especially in the Atlantic forest, and with an emphasis on fully protected areas.