Trypanocidal drug resistance: A threat to animal health and production in Gidami district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia
Trypanocidal drug resistance: A threat to animal health and production in Gidami district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.017
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Terefe, Getachew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Degneh, Efrem;Ashenafi, Hagos;Terefe, Getachew
本研究于2017年5月8日至6月8日在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州Kellem Wollega区Gidami区进行。本研究的目的是评估吉达米区确定的热点村自然感染牛的锥虫耐药情况。2015年11月至2016年6月在7个村庄进行了初步的横断面流行病学研究。根据横断面研究结果，选取锥虫患病率最高的Kellem村和Gry Sonka村（分别为28%和30.85%）。一项简短的28天现场方案研究用于估计对1 mg/kg bw氯异异胺（ISM）和7.0 mg/kg bw醋酸氨基苯（DA）的抗性。在本研究中，有意选择100头锥虫阳性牛进行耳标记，并将其分为两个处理组：1组用2%的1 mg/kg bw的ISM溶液处理，II组用7%的7 mg/kg bw的DA溶液处理。以处理日为第0天，在处理后第14天（DA组和ISM组）和第28天（ISM组）监测处理牛的锥虫和堆积细胞体积（PCV）水平。ISM治疗组在第14天和第28天的治疗失败率为25%，表明耐药，而DA治疗组仅在治疗后第14天评估反应。研究结果证实，在Gidami区的Giray Sonka村和Kellem村存在对最大推荐剂量的ISM和DA的耐药性。在用ISM治疗的50头锥虫阳性牛中，68%的牛在治疗后第28天出现持续感染。同样，在50头经7 mg/kg bw DA处理的锥虫阳性牛中，36%的牛在处理后第14天出现持续锥虫。在ISM和DA治疗失败病例中，刚果体（70.59%）占66.67%，间日体（23.53%）占27.78%，野蛮体（5.88%）占5.55%。在Gidami县的所有村庄，耐药性确实是一个相当大的威胁，但在Giray Sonka村和Kellem村，情况更为严重。因此，应采取一种综合控制锥虫病的方法，以确保该地区动物健康和生产的可持续发展。此外，除了采采蝇控制外，还建议合理使用锥虫药物和控制合并感染，以实现对耐药锥虫种群的自我治愈。此外，利用先进的分子技术进行锥虫药敏试验的大量数据被认为具有说明意义。
This study was conducted from May 08 to June 08, 2017 in Gidami District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrence of trypanocidal drug resistance in naturally infected cattle in identified hot spots villages of Gidami district. An initial cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted in seven villages from November 2015 to June 2016. Based on the outcome of the cross-sectional study, Kellem and Gry Sonka villages with highest trypanosome prevalence (28% and 30.85%) respectively were selected. An abbreviated 28-day field prototocol study was used to estimate resistance to 1 mg/kg bw isometamidium chloride (ISM) and 7.0 mg/kg bw diminanzene aceturate (DA). In this study, 100 purposively selected trypanosome positive cattle were ear-tagged and allocated into two treatment groups: a group I were treated with 2% solution of 1 mg/kg bw ISM and a group II were treated with 7% solution of 7 mg/kg bw DA. The treatment day was considered as day 0 and the treated cattle were monitored for trypanosomes and packed cell volume (PCV) levels on days 14 (for DA and ISM) and 28 (for ISM) post treatment. A treatment failure rate of 25% of the cattle in the ISM treated group on days 14 and 28 were indicative of resistance, whereas in the DA treated group the response was assessed only on day 14 post-treatment. The results of the study confirmed the presence of drug resistance to the maximum recommended doses of ISM and DA in Giray Sonka and Kellem villages of Gidami district. Out of 50 trypanosome positive cattle treated with ISM, 68% had persistent infections on day 28 post-treatment. Similarly, of the 50 trypanosome positive cattle treated with 7 mg/kg bw DA, 36% had persistent trypanosomes on day 14 post treatment. Of all ISM and DA treatment failures T. congolense accounted for (70.59%; 66.67%), T. vivax (23.53%; 27.78%) and T. brutal (5.88%; 5.55%) respectively. Drug resistance has indeed been a considerable threat in all villages of Gidami district, but the situation is magnified in Giray Sonka and Kellem villages. Thus, an integrated control approach of trypanosomosis should be conducted to ensure sustainable animal health and production in the area. In addition beside tsetse control, rational use of trypanocidal drugs and control of co-infections to exploit self-cure against resistant trypanosome populations are recommended. Furthermore, extensive data on trypanocidal drug sensitivity tests using advanced molecular techniques considered as elucidative.