Effects of Distributed Retrieval Practice Over a Semester: Cumulative Tests as a Way to Facilitate Second Language Vocabulary Learning
Effects of Distributed Retrieval Practice Over a Semester: Cumulative Tests as a Way to Facilitate Second Language Vocabulary Learning
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一学期分布式检索练习的效果：累积测试作为促进第二语言词汇学习的一种方式
作者：
Nakata;T.;Tada;T.;McLean. S.;& Kim;Y.
研究表明，测试（或提取）有潜力提高第二语言（L2）词汇学习。鉴于测试的积极作用，如何从测试中优化二语词汇学习是一个重要的问题。增加测试益处的一种方法可能是使用累积测试，其中不仅测试最近研究的材料，而且测试先前研究的材料。本研究比较了累积性和非累积性测验对二语词汇学习的影响。72名日本大学生被随机分配到累积组或非累积组，在9个星期的课程中学习80个低频英语词汇。在两组中，参与者在每堂课上被介绍了10个目标项目，并在下一堂课上完成了词汇测验。在非累积组中，前一堂课介绍的10个项目出现在下一堂课的词汇测验中。在累积组中，不仅测试了在前一节课中介绍的目标项目，还测试了在前一节课中介绍的项目。后测结果表明，累积测试可能是两倍（接受）或三倍（生产）比非累积测试更有效。研究结果表明，通过对词汇测试进行简单的修改，可以显著提高词汇学习效果。
Research suggests that testing (or retrieval) has the potential to enhance second language (L2) vocabulary learning. Given the positive effects of testing, how L2 vocabulary learning from tests can be optimized is an important question. One way to increase the benefits of testing may be to use cumulative tests, where not only recently studied but also previously studied materials are tested. This research compared the effects of cumulative and noncumulative quizzes on L2 vocabulary learning. Seventy‐two Japanese university students were randomly assigned to the cumulative or noncumulative group and studied 80 low‐frequency English vocabulary items over nine weekly classes. In both groups, participants were introduced to 10 target items in each class and completed a vocabulary quiz in the following class. In the noncumulative group, the 10 items introduced in the previous class appeared in vocabulary quizzes in the following class. In the cumulative group, not only target items introduced in the previous class but also items introduced in earlier classes were tested. Posttest results demonstrate that the cumulative tests may be twice (receptive) or three times (productive) more effective than noncumulative tests. The findings suggest that vocabulary learning can be improved significantly by making simple changes to vocabulary quizzes.