Dose-rate effects in radiation biology and radiation protection
Dose-rate effects in radiation biology and radiation protection
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DOI：
10.1177/0146645316629336
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woloschak, G. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruehm, W.;Azizova, T. V.;Woloschak, G. E.
自1928年国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）成立以来，与电离辐射照射相关的生物效应（癌症、其他疾病和细胞损伤）的量化一直是其主要问题。虽然关于全身剂量超过约100 mGy对人类健康的影响有大量资料，但与低于100 mGy的剂量有关的影响仍在进行深入调查和辩论。辐射防护委员会为工人和公众提出的目前的辐射防护办法，主要是基于从高剂量和高剂量率研究中得出的风险，例如日本关于原子弹幸存者寿命的研究。从这些研究中获得的风险系数可以通过剂量和剂量率有效性因子（DDREF）来减少，以解释低剂量和低剂量率照射的假定较低有效性。2007年国际辐射防护委员会的建议继续建议DDREF的值为2，而其他国际组织建议采用不同的值或放弃该系数。本文总结了目前的讨论状况，并强调了与重新评估DDREF的规模和应用相关的问题。
Quantification of biological effects (cancer, other diseases, and cell damage) associated with exposure to ionising radiation has been a major issue for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) since its foundation in 1928. While there is a wealth of information on the effects on human health for whole-body doses above approximately 100mGy, the effects associated with doses below 100mGy are still being investigated and debated intensively. The current radiological protection approach, proposed by ICRP for workers and the public, is largely based on risks obtained from high-dose and high-dose-rate studies, such as the Japanese Life Span Study on atomic bomb survivors. The risk coefficients obtained from these studies can be reduced by the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) to account for the assumed lower effectiveness of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures. The 2007 ICRP Recommendations continue to propose a value of 2 for DDREF, while other international organisations suggest either application of different values or abandonment of the factor. This paper summarises the current status of discussions, and highlights issues that are relevant to reassessing the magnitude and application of DDREF.