Similarity-based distortion of visual short-term memory is due to perceptual averaging.
Similarity-based distortion of visual short-term memory is due to perceptual averaging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2013.12.016
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发表时间：
2014-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Sekuler, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dube, Chad;Zhou, Feng;Kahana, Michael J.;Sekuler, Robert
关键词：
与任务无关的刺激会扭曲视觉短时记忆的回忆。具体地说，任务相关存储项的再现在不相关存储项的方向上偏置。本研究提出的假设是，在VSTM含量不确定的情况下，这种效应反映了神经平均的影响。我们操纵受试者对相似关系保持不变的相关和不相关研究项目的注意力，同时改变研究项目与随后的识别探测的相似程度。在每次试验中，受试者都会看到一个或两个Gabor贴片，然后是探头；他们的任务是指出探头是否与其中一个研究项目匹配。一个简短的提示告诉受试者，第一个或第二个Gabor将作为试验的目标项目。关键的是，这一线索出现在研究项目之前、之间或之后。对所得记忆函数的分布分析表明，在跨越两个记忆项目的平均值的空间频率的区域中，概率密度膨胀。这种影响是由于对与感知平均值匹配的探测器的错误警报的增加，当在两个研究项目之前提供线索时，这种影响就会减弱。这些结果表明，a)知觉平均数是强制性计算的，b)当项目表征被削弱时，知觉平均数被更大程度地依赖。讨论了这些结果对垂直扫描隧道显微镜理论的影响。
A task-irrelevant stimulus can distort recall from visual short-term memory (VSTM). Specifically, reproduction of a task-relevant memory item is biased in the direction of the irrelevant memory item. The present study addresses the hypothesis that such effects reflect the influence of neural averaging under conditions of uncertainty about the contents of VSTM. We manipulated subjects’ attention to relevant and irrelevant study items whose similarity relationships were held constant, while varying how similar the study items were to a subsequent recognition probe. On each trial, subjects were shown one or two Gabor patches, followed by the probe; their task was to indicate whether the probe matched one of the study items. A brief cue told subjects which Gabor, first or second, would serve as that trial’s target item. Critically, this cue appeared either before, between, or after the study items. A distributional analysis of the resulting mnemometric functions showed an inflation in probability density in the region spanning the spatial frequency of the average of the two memory items. This effect, due to an elevation in false alarms to probes matching the perceptual average, was diminished when cues were presented before both study items. These results suggest that a) perceptual averages are computed obligatorily and b) perceptual averages are relied upon to a greater extent when item representations are weakened. Implications of these results for theories of VSTM are discussed.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Haberman J;Harp T;Whitney D
通讯作者：
Whitney D
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Balota, David A.;Yap, Melvin J.
通讯作者：
Yap, Melvin J.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Huang J;Sekuler R
通讯作者：
Sekuler R
DOI：
10.3758/bf03195009
发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chong, SC;Treisman, A
通讯作者：
Treisman, A
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
BALL, K;SEKULER, R
通讯作者：
SEKULER, R