Microscopy Observations of Habitable Space in Biochar for Colonization by Fungal Hyphae From Soil
Microscopy Observations of Habitable Space in Biochar for Colonization by Fungal Hyphae From Soil
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DOI：
10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60703-0
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Abbott, Lynette K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jaafar, Noraini M.;Clode, Peta L.;Abbott, Lynette K.
生物炭是土壤微生物的潜在微环境，但支持这一建议的证据有限。我们探索了成像技术，以可视化和量化的可居住空间的真菌定植的生物炭从木质原料。除了生物炭的表征，有必要优化制备和观察方法，以检查真菌的生物炭的殖民。使用几种显微镜技术研究了Biocliar表面和孔隙。比较了生物炭颗粒在无土介质中和在土壤中沉积后的情况。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察和表征的生物炭表现出结构的异质性内和之间的生物炭颗粒。利用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和电子显微镜观察了生物炭颗粒内部和表面的真菌定植。荧光增白剂RR 2200比Calcofluor白色更有效地作为菌丝染色剂。从土壤中回收的生物炭和观察使用荧光显微镜表现出不同的菌丝网络的外部生物炭表面。在土壤中培养的生物炭的菌丝定殖的程度远小于在无土培养基中人工接种真菌的生物炭。真菌菌丝的位置是更清晰可见，使用SEM比荧光显微镜。对土壤中菌丝定植的生物炭颗粒的观察带来了一系列困难，包括生物炭表面和孔隙内土壤颗粒的存在造成的阻碍。在无土介质中的生物炭表面的广泛的菌丝定殖与有限的菌丝定殖的生物炭内的孔隙形成对比。可视化和量化的菌丝定植的表面和孔隙的生物炭受到限制的二维成像与不均匀的生物炭表面和可变的生物炭孔结构。在本研究中使用的农业土壤中，菌丝生物炭的定殖非常少。
Biochar is a potential micro-environment for soil microorganisms but evidence to support this suggestion is limited. We explored imaging techniques to visualize and quantify fungal colonization of habitable spaces in a biochar made from a woody feedstock. In addition to characterization of the biochar, it was necessary to optimize preparation and observation methodologies for examining fungal colonization of the biochar. Biocliar surfaces and pores were investigated using several microscopy techniques. Biochar particles were compared in soilless media and after deposition in soil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and characterization of the biochar demonstrated structural heterogeneity within and among biochar particles. Fungal colonization in and on biochar particles was observed using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Fluorescent brightener RR 2200 was more effective than Calcofluor White as a hyphal stain. Biochar retrieved from soil and observed using fluorescence microscopy exhibited distinct hyphal networks on external biochar surfaces. The extent of hyphal colonization of biochar incubated in soil was much less than for biochar artificially inoculated with fungi in a soilless medium. The location of fungal hyphae was more clearly visible using SEM than with fluorescence microscopy. Observations of biochar particles colonized by hyphae from soil posed a range of difficulties including obstruction by the presence of soil particles on biochar surfaces and inside pores. Extensive hyphal colonization of the surface of the biochar in the soilless medium contrasted with limited hyphal colonization of pores within the biochar. Both visualization and quantification of hyphal colonization of surfaces and pores of biochar were restricted by two-dimensional imaging associated with uneven biochar surfaces and variable biochar pore structure. There was very little colonization of biochar from hyphae in the agricultural soil used in this study.