Innate Immunity in the Respiratory Epithelium
Innate Immunity in the Respiratory Epithelium
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DOI：
10.1165/rcmb.2011-0011rt
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Prince, Alice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, Dane;Prince, Alice
气道上皮是吸入异物的第一个接触点。气道上皮的保护性武器库以物理屏障和大量受体和抗微生物化合物的形式提供，这些受体和抗微生物化合物构成先天免疫系统。许多已知的先天性免疫受体，包括Toll样受体和核苷酸寡聚化结构域样受体，由气道上皮表达，这导致直接影响微生物并将免疫细胞如嗜中性粒细胞和T细胞募集到感染部位的促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的产生。气道上皮细胞还产生许多常驻的抗微生物蛋白，如溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白和粘蛋白，以及大量阳离子蛋白。气道上皮先天免疫系统的失调与许多可导致免疫受损和肺部慢性炎症的医学病症相关。本文综述了气道上皮细胞的天然免疫功能及其在保护肺部免受感染中的作用，以及当其功能受损时的结果。
The airway epithelium represents the first point of contact for inhaled foreign organisms. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers and a vast array of receptors and antimicrobial compounds that constitute the innate immune system. Many of the known innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, are expressed by the airway epithelium, which leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that affect microorganisms directly and recruit immune cells, such as neutrophils and T cells, to the site of infection. The airway epithelium also produces a number of resident antimicrobial proteins, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and mucins, as well as a swathe of cationic proteins. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune system is associated with a number of medical conditions that can result in compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. This review focuses on the innate immune capabilities of the airway epithelium and its role in protecting the lung from infection as well as the outcomes when its function is compromised.