Telocytes revisited.
Telocytes revisited.
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DOI：
10.1515/bmc-2014-0029
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Popescu, Laurentiu M
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文献类型：
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作者：
Cretoiu, Sanda M;Popescu, Laurentiu M
远端细胞（TCs）是一种新的间质（基质）细胞类型，存在于许多组织和器官中（www.telocytes.com）。TC的特征是胞体小（9-15 nm），极长极细的端足（Tps）数量可变（1 - 5个），端足（80 nm）和端足（250-300 nm）区域交替存在。Tps通过同质细胞和异质细胞连接相互连接，形成三维网络。此外，Tps释放三种类型的细胞外囊泡：外泌体，外泌体和多泡货物，它们参与旁分泌信号传导。不同的技术被用于表征tc，从经典的方法（光学显微镜、电子显微镜）到现代的“组学”。我们认为电子显微镜对其鉴别是必不可少的，CD34/ pdgfrα双免疫组化可以指导诊断。越来越多的功能证据表明，TCs可能通过短距离和长距离的细胞间通讯密切参与组织稳态的维持和更新。本文综述了近年来有关TC的特征和位置的最新发现，以及它们在正常和病变器官中功能的主要假设。TC参与再生医学也被考虑。
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel interstitial (stromal) cell type described in many tissues and organs (www.telocytes.com). A TC is characterized by a small cell body (9-15 mum) and a variable number (one to five) of extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps), with alternating regions of podomers (80 nm) and podoms (250-300 nm). Tps are interconnected by homo- and heterocellular junctions and form three-dimensional networks. Moreover, Tps release three types of extracellular vesicles: exosomes, ectosomes, and multivesicular cargos, which are involved in paracrine signaling. Different techniques have been used to characterize TCs, from classical methods (light microscopy, electron microscopy) to modern 'omics'. It is considered that electron microscopy is essential for their identification, and CD34/PDGFRalpha double immunohistochemistry can orientate the diagnosis. Functional evidence is accumulating that TCs may be intimately involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and renewal by short- and long-distance intercellular communication. This review focuses on the most recent findings regarding TC features and locations and the principal hypotheses about their functions in normal and diseased organs. TC involvement in regenerative medicine is also considered.