Intake and transformation to a glycoside of (Z)-3-hexenol from infested neighbors reveals a mode of plant odor reception and defense
Intake and transformation to a glycoside of (Z)-3-hexenol from infested neighbors reveals a mode of plant odor reception and defense
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1320660111
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发表时间：
2014-05-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Takabayashi, Junji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sugimoto, Koichi;Matsui, Kenji;Takabayashi, Junji
植物接收受食草动物侵扰的邻近植物释放的挥发性化合物，因此接收植物开始防御即将到来的食草动物。然而，到目前为止，植物如何接收挥发物，以及它们如何加强防御，在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们发现，未受损的番茄植物暴露于常见的地老虎（暴露的植物）的同种发出的挥发物变得更防御幼虫比那些暴露于挥发物从未侵染同种（对照植物）在恒定的气流系统在实验室条件下。综合代谢物分析表明，只有（Z）-3-己烯基-vicianoside（HexVic）的含量高于对照植物。当添加到人工饲料中时，该化合物对普通地老虎的表现产生负面影响。HexVic的糖苷配基（Z）-3-己烯醇通过空气从邻近的被侵染植物获得。茉莉酸（JAs）的量在暴露的植物中并不高，并且HexVic的生物合成不依赖于JA信号传导。在实验田中还观察到来自邻近受损同种的（Z）-3-己烯醇用于暴露植物中的HexVic生物合成，表明即使在波动的环境条件下也发生（Z）-3-己烯醇摄入。在未受损的番茄植物中特异性使用气载（Z）-3-己烯醇形成HexVic揭示了一种先前未鉴定的植物防御机制。
Plants receive volatile compounds emitted by neighboring plants that are infested by herbivores, and consequently the receiver plants begin to defend against forthcoming herbivory. However, to date, how plants receive volatiles and, consequently, how they fortify their defenses, is largely unknown. In this study, we found that undamaged tomato plants exposed to volatiles emitted by conspecifics infested with common cutworms (exposed plants) became more defensive against the larvae than those exposed to volatiles from uninfested conspecifics (control plants) in a constant airflow system under laboratory conditions. Comprehensive metabolite analyses showed that only the amount of (Z)-3-hexenyl-vicianoside (HexVic) was higher in exposed than control plants. This compound negatively affected the performance of common cutworms when added to an artificial diet. The aglycon of HexVic, (Z)-3-hexenol, was obtained from neighboring infested plants via the air. The amount of jasmonates (JAs) was not higher in exposed plants, and HexVic biosynthesis was independent of JA signaling. The use of (Z)-3-hexenol from neighboring damaged conspecifics for HexVic biosynthesis in exposed plants was also observed in an experimental field, indicating that (Z)-3-hexenol intake occurred even under fluctuating environmental conditions. Specific use of airborne (Z)-3-hexenol to form HexVic in undamaged tomato plants reveals a previously unidentified mechanism of plant defense.