Die Wirkung „guter“ Argumente
Die Wirkung „guter“ Argumente
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DOI：
10.1007/s11616-018-0408-2
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hanna Marzinkowski;I. Engelmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanna Marzinkowski;I. Engelmann
从公共传播的话语角度出发，我们问是否审议质量的新闻文章的政策主题影响用户参与新闻网站的数量。协商民主的理论经常作为规范性的理想话语要求的来源。然而，在这里，我们提出了经验验证的假设，我们结合联合收割机的解释媒体内容从沉默的螺旋理论和用户行为的解释，从公民自律模型和自我效能的建设。沉默螺旋理论假设，当人们觉得自己的观点属于少数群体时，他们不会在公共场合表达自己的观点，因为他们害怕被社会孤立。媒体在这一过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，因为媒体对公众话语的描述影响着公众舆论的看法。此外，该理论假设大众媒体形成了一个媒体基调，呈现出类似的意见分布表示。在网络环境中，我们认为，我们不能再期望观察到一个单一的媒体男高音，但我们必须定义更多的个人感知，选择为基础的媒体男高音。因此，只有在他们选择的在线内容中出现反对他们意见的多数意见时，用户才会担心被孤立。基于公民非理性主义模型和先前的文献，我们将写评论理解为一种参与形式，最有可能由对政治感兴趣的人进行，具有高水平的自我效能感，并感受到直接环境的刺激，即，因此，我们假设，媒体上出现的反对派、民间社会和普通公民的代表越多，参与评论部分（H1）的用户就越多。此外，我们还期望包含冲突和反驳话语的文章比没有这种话语的文章（H2）导致更多的参与者。关于话语的合理性，我们假设论证的正当性的存在也增加了用户的参与（H3）。文章经常报道旨在导致决定的当前辩论。考虑到自我效能假设和用户辩论的相关性，我们假设当讨论未来的决定时，参与率会更高（H4a），而已经做出的决定预计会降低参与率（H4b）。此外，我们还预计，涉及德国国内政治的文章会吸引更高的参与率（H5）。为了验证我们的假设，我们对400篇在线报纸文章进行了内容分析。我们选择了两个全国性的（WELT Online和ZEIT Online）和两个地区性的（Rheinische Post Online和Tagesspiegel Online）在线报纸，其中一个属于左翼自由派，另一个属于保守派新闻光谱。从2016年1月1日至3月31日期间四家在线报纸的政治新闻提要中，我们选择了一个系统的随机样本，其中包含启用评论部分的文章。审议的标准是衡量一个由政府，反对派，民间社会或普通公民的代表所作的基于价值观的言论或新闻文章的水平。基于话语的标准，然后汇总到新闻文章的水平。此外，我们还测量了参与评论部分讨论的用户数量。然后，我们估计了一个零膨胀负二项回归模型…
Starting from a discursive perspective on public communication, we ask whether the deliberative quality of journalistic articles on policy topics influences the amount of user participation on news websites. The theory of deliberative democracy often serves as a source of normatively desirable discursive requirements. Here, however, we present empirically verifiable assumptions that we combine with explanations about media content from the spiral of silence theory and explanations of user behavior from the civic voluntarism model and the construct of self-efficacy. The spiral of silence theory assumes that people do not express their opinions in public when they feel their opinions belong to the minority, because they fear to be socially isolated. The media play a crucial role in this process, as their depiction of public discourses influences the perception of public opinion. Furthermore, the theory assumes that mass media form a media tenor, presenting similar representations of opinion distributions. In online contexts, we argue, we can no longer expect to observe a single media tenor, but we must define more individually perceived, selection-based media tenors. Thus, users are only to be expected to fear isolation in cases where a majority opinion is presented in online contents they selected which stand against their opinions. Based on the civic voluntarism model and previous literature, we understand writing comments as a form of participation that is most likely to be carried out by persons who are interested in politics, have a high level of self-efficacy and feel stimulated to participate by the immediate environment, i. e., the journalistic article and the comment section.We therefore assume that the more representatives of the opposition, civil society and ordinary citizens are presented in the media, the more users will participate in the comment section (H1). Furthermore, we also expect articles containing conflicting and counterarguing utterances to lead to more participants than articles without this kind of utterances (H2). Regarding the rationality of the discourse, we suppose that the presence of justifications of arguments also increases users’ participation (H3). Articles often report on current debates that aim to lead to a decision. Considering self-efficacy assumptions and the relatability of a debate for the users, we assume that participation rates will be higher when decisions are discussed that lie in the future (H4a), whereas decisions that have already been taken are expected to reduce participation rates (H4b). Furthermore, we also expect articles with a reference to German domestic politics to attract higher participation rates (H5).In order to test our hypotheses, we conducted a content analysis of 400 online newspaper articles. We selected two national (WELT Online and ZEIT Online) and two regional (Rheinische Post Online and Tagesspiegel Online) online newspaper outlets, one of each belonging to the left-wing liberal and one to the conservative journalism spectrum. From the politics news feeds of the four online newspaper outlets between January 1, and March 31, 2016, we selected a systematic random sample of articles with enabled comment sections. The deliberative criteria were measured either on the level of a value-based utterance made by a representative of the government, the opposition, civil society or an ordinary citizen or on the level of the news article. Utterance-based criteria were then aggregated to the news article level. Furthermore, we measured the number of users that participated in the discussion in the comment section. We then estimated a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model in …