Collective decision making by rational agents with differing preferences
Collective decision making by rational agents with differing preferences
复制标题
具有不同偏好的理性主体的集体决策
DOI：
10.1101/2020.01.13.904490
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mann R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mann R
集体决策可以从群体成员之间的个人层面互动中产生。这些互动通常被视为社会反馈规则，即个人复制他们观察到的其他人所做的决定，从而创造出一个连贯的群体决策。这些行为规则对个体主体的好处可以理解为信息的传递，即焦点个体通过获得他人拥有的信息来了解世界。以前的研究通过假设所有代理人都有共同的目标来分析这种信息交换。虽然信息的差异和偏好的差异经常被混为一谈，但人们对代理人潜在偏好之间的差异如何影响社会信息的使用和功效知之甚少。在本文中，我开发了一个模型的社会信息使用的理性代理不同的偏好，并证明了由此产生的集体行为是强烈依赖于结构的偏好共享组内，以及在环境中的信息质量。特别是，我表明，强烈的社会反应是由个人习惯于嘈杂，不确定的环境中，私人信息的世界是相对薄弱的。此外，通过调查异质群体结构，我证明了一个潜在的影响，神秘的少数群体，可能会照亮个性和领导力之间的经验联系。
Collective decisions can emerge from individual-level interactions between members of a group. These interactions are often seen as social feedback rules, whereby individuals copy the decisions they observe others making, creating a coherent group decision. The benefit of these behavioral rules to the individual agent can be understood as a transfer of information, whereby a focal individual learns about the world by gaining access to the information possessed by others. Previous studies have analyzed this exchange of information by assuming that all agents share common goals. While differences in information and differences in preferences have often been conflated, little is known about how differences between agents’ underlying preferences affect the use and efficacy of social information. In this paper, I develop a model of social information use by rational agents with differing preferences, and demonstrate that the resulting collective behavior is strongly dependent on the structure of preference sharing within the group, as well as the quality of information in the environment. In particular, I show that strong social responses are expected by individuals that are habituated to noisy, uncertain environments where private information about the world is relatively weak. Furthermore, by investigating heterogeneous group structures, I demonstrate a potential influence of cryptic minority subgroups that may illuminate the empirical link between personality and leadership.