Meteorology and oceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean—a review of German achievements from the last decade-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1007/s10236-016-0988-1

发表时间：

2016-11

期刊：

Ocean Dynamics

影响因子：

2.3

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

地球科学3区

文献类型：

作者：

H. Hellmer;M. Rhein;G. Heinemann;J. Abalichin;W. Abouchami;O. Baars;U. Cubasch;K. Dethloff;L. Ebner;E. Fahrbach;M. Frank;G. Gollan;R. Greatbatch;J. Grieger;V. Gryanik;M. Gryschka;J. Hauck;M. Hoppema;O. Huhn;T. Kanzow;B. Koch;G. König‐Langlo;U. Langematz;G. Leckebusch;C. Lüpkes;S. Paul;A. Rinke;B. Rost;M. Loeff;M. Schröder;G. Seckmeyer;T. Stichel;V. Strass;R. Timmermann;S. Trimborn;U. Ulbrich;C. Venchiarutti;U. Wacker;S. Willmes;D. Wolf-Gladrow

20世纪80年代初，德国开启了现代南极研究的新时代。成立了阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳研究所亥姆霍兹极地和海洋研究中心（AWI），并安装了重要的研究平台，如德国在南极洲的永久站（今天称为Neumayer III）和研究破冰船Polarstern。研究主要集中在南大洋的大西洋部分。与此同时，德国研究基金会（Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft，DFG）启动了一项优先计划“南极研究”（自2003年以来称为SPP-1158），以促进和加强来自德国不同大学的科学家与AWI以及其他参与极地研究的机构之间的合作。在这里，我们回顾了过去十年中气象学和海洋学的主要发现，由优先计划资助。本文介绍了从平流层到深海的实地观测和建模工作。这项研究跨越了大范围的时间和空间尺度，包括两个气候组成部分的相互作用。特别是，辐射过程，不断变化的臭氧层与大规模大气环流的相互作用，以及海冰覆盖的变化进行了讨论。气候和天气预报模型提供了对水循环和与天气气旋相关的气候变化信号的深入了解。对大气边界层的研究集中在冰穴和冰脊附近大气、海冰和海洋之间的相互作用。专门讨论极地海洋学的章节回顾了海洋和冰架之间关于淡水输入的相互作用，并讨论了水团特征、通风和形成速率的变化，这对全球气候相关的纬向翻转环流的最深边缘至关重要。他们还强调了人为碳的相关储存以及海洋中碳、营养物质和微量金属的循环，特别强调了威德尔海。

In the early 1980s, Germany started a new era of modern Antarctic research. The Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was founded and important research platforms such as the German permanent station in Antarctica, today called Neumayer III, and the research icebreakerPolarsternwere installed. The research primarily focused on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In parallel, the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) started a priority program ‘Antarctic Research’ (since 2003 called SPP-1158) to foster and intensify the cooperation between scientists from different German universities and the AWI as well as other institutes involved in polar research. Here, we review the main findings in meteorology and oceanography of the last decade, funded by the priority program. The paper presents field observations and modelling efforts, extending from the stratosphere to the deep ocean. The research spans a large range of temporal and spatial scales, including the interaction of both climate components. In particular, radiative processes, the interaction of the changing ozone layer with large-scale atmospheric circulations, and changes in the sea ice cover are discussed. Climate and weather forecast models provide an insight into the water cycle and the climate change signals associated with synoptic cyclones. Investigations of the atmospheric boundary layer focus on the interaction between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the vicinity of polynyas and leads. The chapters dedicated to polar oceanography review the interaction between the ocean and ice shelves with regard to the freshwater input and discuss the changes in water mass characteristics, ventilation and formation rates, crucial for the deepest limb of the global, climate-relevant meridional overturning circulation. They also highlight the associated storage of anthropogenic carbon as well as the cycling of carbon, nutrients and trace metals in the ocean with special emphasis on the Weddell Sea.

Meteorology and oceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean—a review of German achievements from the last decade

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