Antibody responses to filovirus infections in humans: protective or not?
Antibody responses to filovirus infections in humans: protective or not?
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DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00006-2
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发表时间：
2021-10-28
影响因子：
56.3
通讯作者：
Bukreyev, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ilinykh, Philipp A.;Bukreyev, Alexander
埃博拉病毒和其他丝状病毒引起的疾病暴发凸显了深入了解抗体反应在恢复中的作用的迫切需要。在这个个人观点中，我们的目的是讨论抗体在人类自然丝状病毒感染过程中有争议的生物学作用。自然人丝状病毒感染期间的存活率与抗体结合丝状病毒糖蛋白并中和病毒的过程的程度相关。尽管疾病严重，但已从自然丝状病毒感染的幸存者中分离出高效单克隆抗体，表明抗体应答的程度不足以预防严重疾病。与自然感染不同，表达病毒糖蛋白的丝状病毒疫苗确实诱导了保护性抗体浓度，尽管只有在非常高的剂量下才能诱导。在过去的十年中，已经确定了丝状病毒可以延迟和降低抗体应答的多种机制。此外，亚中和抗体浓度已显示增强携带Fc受体的免疫细胞的丝状病毒感染。了解自然丝状病毒感染期间抗体应答的作用对于开发安全有效的疫苗和基于抗体的治疗非常重要。
Disease outbreaks caused by Ebola virus and other filoviruses highlight the urgent need for an in-depth understanding of the role of antibody responses in recovery. In this Personal View we aim to discuss the controversial biological role of antibodies during natural filovirus infections in humans. Survival during natural human filovirus infections correlates with the magnitude of the process of antibodies binding to the filovirus glycoprotein and neutralising the virus. Despite the severity of the disease, highly potent monoclonal antibodies have been isolated from survivors of natural filovirus infections, suggesting that the magnitude of the antibody response is insufficient for prevention of severe disease. Unlike natural infections, filovirus vaccines, which express the viral glycoprotein, do induce protective concentrations of antibodies, albeit only when administered at very high doses. Multiple mechanisms by which filoviruses can delay and reduce the antibody response have been identified in the past decade. Furthermore, subneutralising antibody concentrations have been shown to enhance filovirus infections of immune cells bearing Fc receptors. Understanding the role of antibody responses during natural filovirus infections is important for the development of safe and potent vaccines and antibody-based treatments.