Secondary Metabolites from Escovopsis weberi and Their Role in Attacking the Garden Fungus of Leaf-Cutting Ants
Secondary Metabolites from Escovopsis weberi and Their Role in Attacking the Garden Fungus of Leaf-Cutting Ants
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DOI：
10.1002/chem.201706071
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发表时间：
2018-03-20
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Spiteller, Dieter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhodary, Basanta;Schilg, Michele;Spiteller, Dieter
专门的真菌病原体Escovopsis weberi威胁切叶蚁和花园真菌（Leucoagaricus gongylophorus）之间的互惠共生关系。因为E. weberi可以压倒L.在没有直接接触gongylophorus的情况下，它被怀疑分泌毒素。利用核磁共振和质谱技术，我们鉴定了E. weberi。E. weberi产生五种剪切素型吲哚三萜类化合物，包括两种新的衍生物剪切素L和剪切素M，以及聚酮化合物大黄素和环节内酯。大黄素和环节酮对园林真菌L.在0.8和0.7mol.大黄素对切叶蚁的链霉菌共生菌（0.3mol）也有抑制作用。而ShearinineL对L.在琼脂扩散测定中，然而，在双重选择行为测定Acromyrmex spinosus蚂蚁显然避免基板处理剪切素L的花园真菌后，2天的学习期，表明蚂蚁很快学会避免剪切素L。
The specialized, fungal pathogen Escovopsis weberi threatens the mutualistic symbiosis between leaf-cutting ants and their garden fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus). Because E. weberi can overwhelm L. gongylophorus without direct contact, it was suspected to secrete toxins. Using NMR and mass spectrometry, we identified several secondary metabolites produced by E. weberi. E. weberi produces five shearinine-type indole triterpenoids including two novel derivatives, shearinineL and shearinineM, as well as the polyketides, emodin and cycloarthropsone. Cycloarthropsone and emodin strongly inhibited the growth of the garden fungus L. gongylophorous at 0.8 and 0.7mol, respectively. Emodin was also active against Streptomyces microbial symbionts (0.3mol) of leaf-cutting ants. ShearinineL instead did not affect the growth of L. gongylophorus in agar diffusion assays. However, in dual choice behavioral assays Acromyrmex octospinosus ants clearly avoided substrate treated with shearinineL for the garden fungus after a 2d learning period, indicating that the ants quickly learn to avoid shearinineL.