The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: a review and synthesis.
The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: a review and synthesis.
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.774
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发表时间：
2002-09
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Jennifer Henderlong;M. Lepper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jennifer Henderlong;M. Lepper
作者反对将表扬定义为言语强化的纯行为学定义，支持表扬可能有助于削弱、增强或不影响儿童的内在动机的观点，这取决于一系列概念变量。如果表扬被认为是真诚的，那么当表扬鼓励将绩效归因于可控的原因、促进自主性、增强能力而不过度依赖社会比较、传达可达到的标准和期望时，表扬尤其有利于激励。表扬的激励结果也可以通过接受者的特征来调节，例如年龄、性别和文化。强调了方法学方面的考虑，如包括适当的控制组和衡量失败后的结果，并强调了未来研究的方向。
The authors argue against a purely behavioral definition of praise as verbal reinforcement in favor of the view that praise may serve to undermine, enhance, or have no effect on children's intrinsic motivation, depending on a set of conceptual variables. Provided that praise is perceived as sincere, it is particularly beneficial to motivation when it encourages performance attributions to controllable causes, promotes autonomy, enhances competence without an overreliance on social comparisons, and conveys attainable standards and expectations. The motivational consequences of praise also can be moderated by characteristics of the recipient, such as age, gender, and culture. Methodological considerations, such as including appropriate control groups and measuring postfailure outcomes, are stressed, and directions for future research are highlighted.