The imprint of the Slave Trade in an African American population: mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome and HTLV-1 analysis in the Noir Marron of French Guiana
The imprint of the Slave Trade in an African American population: mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome and HTLV-1 analysis in the Noir Marron of French Guiana
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-10-314
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发表时间：
2010-10-19
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Dugoujon, Jean-Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brucato, Nicolas;Cassar, Olivier;Dugoujon, Jean-Michel
背景资料：追溯奴隶贸易（16世纪至19世纪）后裔人口的遗传历史特别具有挑战性，因为所涉及的非洲种族群体的多样性以及与欧洲人和美洲印第安人的不同杂交过程模糊了他们最初的遗传遗传。法属圭亚那的Noir Marron人是今天从荷兰种植园逃离的Maroons的直系后裔。他们代表了一个具有高度融合文化的原始民族群体。结果：所有的遗传系统都显示了非洲人基因库的高度保守性（非洲血统：mtDNA = 99.3%，NRY = 97.6%，HTLV-1 env = 20/23，HTLV-1 LTR = 6/8）。既没有发现创始人效应，也没有发现遗传漂变，遗传多样性在非洲普遍观察到的范围内。较高的遗传相似性，观察到居住在贝宁湾（从象牙海岸到贝宁）的人口。其他祖先也被确定，但他们提出了一个有趣的性别偏见。虽然男性的起源遍布北部的海湾（从贝宁到塞内加尔），女性的起源遍布南部（从象牙海岸到安哥拉）。结论：黑色马龙是独特的，在保存他们的非洲遗传祖先，尽管主要的文化交流与美洲印第安人和欧洲人通过居住在同一地区的四个世纪。他们的栗色身份和在该地区被驱逐的大量奴隶保持了非洲原始的多样性。所有这些特征允许确定位于前黄金海岸和贝宁湾地区的主要原产地;这些地区受到奴隶制的严重影响，从那里可以看出性别偏见的纵向血统梯度。
Background: Retracing the genetic histories of the descendant populations of the Slave Trade (16(th)-19(th) centuries) is particularly challenging due to the diversity of African ethnic groups involved and the different hybridisation processes with Europeans and Amerindians, which have blurred their original genetic inheritances. The Noir Marron in French Guiana are the direct descendants of maroons who escaped from Dutch plantations in the current day Surinam. They represent an original ethnic group with a highly blended culture. Uniparental markers (mtDNA and NRY) coupled with HTLV-1 sequences (env and LTR) were studied to establish the genetic relationships linking them to African American and African populations.Results: All genetic systems presented a high conservation of the African gene pool (African ancestry: mtDNA = 99.3%; NRY = 97.6%; HTLV-1 env = 20/23; HTLV-1 LTR = 6/8). Neither founder effect nor genetic drift was detected and the genetic diversity is within a range commonly observed in Africa. Higher genetic similarities were observed with the populations inhabiting the Bight of Benin (from Ivory Coast to Benin). Other ancestries were identified but they presented an interesting sex-bias. Whilst male origins spread throughout the north of the bight (from Benin to Senegal), female origins were spread throughout the south (from the Ivory Coast to Angola).Conclusions: The Noir Marron are unique in having conserved their African genetic ancestry, despite major cultural exchanges with Amerindians and Europeans through inhabiting the same region for four centuries. Their maroon identity and the important number of slaves deported in this region have maintained the original African diversity. All these characteristics permit to identify a major origin located in the former region of the Gold Coast and the Bight of Benin; regions highly impacted by slavery, from which goes a sex-biased longitudinal gradient of ancestry.